"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT courseware

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"The First Industrial Revolution" PPT courseware

Part One: Innovation in Textile Technology

1. Jenny machine

Reasons for textile technology innovation: the establishment of the British capitalist system, rapid economic development; and the continuous expansion of domestic and foreign markets.

In 1733, Kay invented the flying shuttle, which increased the speed of weaving.

In 1765, Hargreaves invented a spinning machine and named it the "Jenny."

The Jenny machine can spin 8 yarns at the same time. After improvement, it can even spin 80 yarns at the same time, which greatly improves production efficiency.

2. Hydraulic spinning machine

Time: 1768

Inventor: Clockmaker Aclet

Reason: The cotton yarn spun by Jenny machine is very thin, but easy to break.

This kind of water-powered spinning machine has four pairs of reels and uses water as power. The yarn spun is tough and strong, but relatively thick. Shortly thereafter, the first cotton spinning mills in Britain that used water to turn spinning machines appeared. But once the weather is dry and the rivers dry up, they will no longer be able to operate.

3. Mule machine

Time: 1779

Inventor: Crompton, a textile worker

It absorbs the advantages of Jenny machine and hydraulic spinning machine, and can spin hundreds of spindles at the same time. The yarn spun is both thin and strong.

4. Hydraulic loom

Time: 1785

Inventor: Cartwright

The new water-powered loom was forty times more efficient than the original human-powered loom with a flying shuttle. The invention of the water-powered loom temporarily alleviated the contradiction of backward looms.

The First Industrial Revolution PPT, Part 2: The Establishment of the Steam Engine and Factory System

1. The invention and application of the steam engine

The early invention of the steam engine, which was used to drain water from mines, was far from perfect. In the mid-18th century, Watt made a series of improvements to the steam engine. In 1785, Watt's improved steam engine was first put into use in the textile sector. Later, many production sectors such as chemical industry, metallurgy, and mining began to use steam engines. By the 1830s, steam engines had become an important source of power.

The widespread application of steam engines was a significant leap in the field of production. It greatly improved productivity and enabled the industrial revolution to develop in depth faster.

2. Establishment of factory system

Early factories basically used water for power, so factories were generally located in rural areas with fast water flow rather than in cities. Watt's steam engine provided more efficient and convenient power. From then on, factories could be located far away from rivers, and the scale of factories became larger. Some factories could even employ more than 1,000 people. In the 19th century, traditional manual workshops were gradually replaced by large factories, and the modern factory system was finally established.

The First Industrial Revolution PPT, Part 3: Trains and Railways

(1) Steam locomotive (train) - Stephenson (British)

Impact: The arrival of the railway era provided society with faster, cheaper, and more convenient transportation, making the connection between production and the market closer.

2. The impact of the industrial revolution

(1) The Industrial Revolution greatly improved the level of social productivity, and mankind entered the "Steam Age". In the mid-19th century, Britain had become the world's first industrial country.

(2) Since the late 18th century, other Western countries have learned from Britain’s advanced technology and production experience. France, the United States, Germany and other Western countries successively carried out the industrial revolution.

(3) The Industrial Revolution caused major changes in social relations and gave birth to the industrial bourgeoisie and the industrial proletariat. The contradictions and struggles between the two classes became increasingly acute.

Negative impacts: environmental pollution, traffic accidents and other issues;

Practice: protect the environment, save energy and reduce emissions, live a low-carbon life, and adhere to the sustainable development strategy.

The first industrial revolution PPT, part 4: after-class exercises

1. The beginning of the British Industrial Revolution is marked by ( )

A. Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny

B. Crompton invented the mule machine

C. Cartwright invented the water-powered loom

D. Watt made an improved steam engine

2. Which of the following machines and means of transportation appeared in the 18th and 19th centuries ( )

①Train ②Steamboat ③Hydraulic spinning machine ④Plane ⑤Jenny ⑥Space shuttle

A. ①②⑤⑥ B． ③④⑤⑥

C. ①②③⑤ D. ②④⑤

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

This template belongs to History courseware Volume 1 of Ninth Grade History compiled by the People's Education Publishing House industry PPT template

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