"Common Natural Disasters and Their Causes" Causes and Prevention of Common Natural Disasters PPT (Second Lesson)

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"Common Natural Disasters and Their Causes" Causes and Prevention of Common Natural Disasters PPT (Second Lesson)

Part One: Strengthening the Implementation of Basic Knowledge

[Self-reading textbook·Fill in key points]

1. Marine disasters

1. disastrous waves

(1) Concept: ______ caused by strong ______, such as tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones and strong cold winds.

(2) Harm: ① Overturn ships, destroy coastal projects, and affect maritime ______, construction, fishery ______ and military activities.

② Impact and destroy coastal embankments, docks, etc.

③Leading to aquaculture______, flooding of crops and large-scale salinization of land.

2. storm surge

(1) Concept: Abnormal ______ or lowering of the sea level caused by strong ______, such as tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones, sudden changes in air pressure, passing cold waves, etc., causing the tide level in nearby sea areas to deviate far from the normal tide level.

(2) Classification: ______storm surge and extratropical cyclone storm surge.

(3) Distribution in my country

①Typhoon storm surge: ______ of large rivers in the east, gulf coasts and some low-lying coastal areas.

② Extratropical cyclone storm surge: mostly occurs in the ______ season, and sometimes occurs in summer. The main disaster-stricken areas are concentrated in ______ and the Yellow Sea coast.

3. tsunami

(1) Concept: huge waves caused by submarine earthquakes, ______ or underwater collapse and landslides.

(2) Hazards: embankment rupture, ship capsizing, ______ serious casualties.

2. Biological disasters

1. Category: ______ and rodent pests.

2. pests

(1) Concept: Disaster caused by ______.

(2) Common pests

① Common crop pests: ______, rice borers, armyworms, ______, etc.

②Common forest pests: ______, pine caterpillars, beetles, etc.

Common natural disasters and their causes PPT, part 2: Pay attention to problem-based teaching

Question 1: Classification of marine disasters and what are the hazards? Basic test points

[Thinking and exploring]

The 2018 "China Marine Disaster Bulletin" shows that in 2018, various types of marine disasters in my country caused a total direct economic loss of 4.777 billion yuan. In 2018, a total of 16 storm surges occurred along my country's coast (the statistical scope is storm surges reaching the blue warning level and above), causing direct economic losses of 4.456 billion yuan, accounting for 93% of the total direct economic losses from marine disasters in 2018; Wave disasters caused the largest number of deaths (including missing persons), accounting for 96% of the total number of deaths (including missing persons).

[Exploration 1] What are the main marine disasters in the materials?

Tip: Storm surge, disastrous waves.

[Exploration 2] How are storm surge disasters formed in materials?

Tip: Strong atmospheric disturbances, such as tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones, sudden changes in air pressure, passing cold waves, etc., cause abnormal sea level rise or fall.

[Exploration 3] In addition to causing casualties, what other harms will be caused by marine disasters?

Tip: Overturn ships, destroy coastal projects, affect maritime navigation, construction, fishing and military activities; impact and destroy coastal embankments and docks; cause damage to aquaculture, flooded crops, and large-scale salinization of land.

[Training to pass the test]

1. The driving force for storm surge is ()

A. The centrifugal force of inertia caused by the rotation of the earth

B． Celestial tidal force generated by the moon

C. Seismic wave energy generated by earthquakes

D. Wind energy generated by atmospheric movement

2. The occurrence of storm surge requires certain inducing factors. The following natural phenomena that can induce storm surge are ()

A. Typhoon B. volcano

C. earthquake d. emission of greenhouse gases

Question 2: What are the formation and harm of biological disasters? Basic test points

[Thinking and exploring]

In 2018, my country's major crop diseases and insect pests occurred in an area of ​​289 million hectares. Among them, wheat scab was more prevalent in wheat areas such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Jianghuai, and southern Huanghuai. The forestry pests occurred in 181.901 million acres nationwide, including 125 million acres of insect pests, 27.6597 million acres of forestry rodent pests, 2.6686 million acres of harmful plants, and 26.4468 million acres of disease. The area affected by rodents in grasslands across the country is 2,578.7 hectares; the area affected by insect pests is 12.345 million hectares.

[System Cognition]

1. Causes of crop pests

2. Distribution of major crop diseases and insect pests in my country

3. The relationship between the occurrence and distribution of locust plagues and droughts and floods

Floods, droughts and locusts are the three major agricultural natural disasters in my country's history. The occurrence and distribution of locusts are closely related to droughts and floods, as shown in the following table:

[Training to pass the test]

1. Among the following national commercial grain production bases, wheat rust and rice bacterial blight frequently occur ()

A. Pearl River DeltaB. Sanjiang Plain

C. Jianghan Plain D. Dongting Lake Plain

2. Among the following factors, which one is not a factor in regional differences in biological disaster disasters ()

A. Climatic conditions b. ecosystem

C． Geological conditions D. Crop type

3. Which of the following statements about the symptoms of rat plague is incorrect ()

A. Spread diseases and endanger human health

B． Endangering the safety of reservoirs and flood control embankments

C. Destroying forests is known as "smokeless forest fire"

D. Causing crop yield reduction

Common natural disasters and their causes PPT, the third part: developing structural thinking

Structural evaluation of thinking - The anger of the sea

Storm surge disasters rank first among marine disasters. Most of the world's major marine disasters caused by strong storms are caused by storm surges. On the coast of the Bay of Bengal, a tropical cyclone storm surge disaster occurred on November 13, 1970 that shocked the world. The storm surge, which raised water by more than 6 meters, claimed the lives of 300,000 people in the Ganges Delta, drowned 500,000 livestock, and left more than 1 million people homeless. Another severe storm surge in April 1991, despite tropical cyclone and storm surge warnings, still claimed the lives of 130,000 people. Combined with the picture on the right, discuss the reasons for the high incidence of storm surge disasters along the Bay of Bengal coast.

[Your evaluation and thinking are perfect]

Student A's answer is a multi-point structure, only answering a few points, and there is no effective correlation with the storm surge disaster; Student B's answer is between a multi-point structure and a correlation structure, with a direction for answering the question, but the explanation is not clear enough; Student C’s answer belongs to a correlation structure and can accurately explain the relationship between the specific geographical features of the Bay of Bengal coast and the frequent occurrence of storm surge disasters, but it lacks the key point of answering the question of socioeconomic factors.

[Example of perfect thinking]

(1) The Bay of Bengal is a tropical cyclone-prone area; (2) Facing the Indian Ocean, it is directly hit by the strong southwest monsoon in summer, which contributes to the tide; (3) The coast is in the shape of a trumpet, with a large amount of seawater influx, narrowing the coast, and pushing up the tide. Tide level; (4) The seabed terrain of the Bay of Bengal is flat and the land is low-lying, so the resistance to storm surges is small; (5) There are many rivers in the Bay of Bengal with large flows, which support the tides, exacerbating the disaster of storm surges; (6) The population density is high, Concentration of cities, industry and agriculture

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Update Time: 2024-09-28

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