"Application of Geographic Information Technology" Basic Methods of Physical Geography Practice PPT

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"Application of Geographic Information Technology" Basic Methods of Physical Geography Practice PPT

Part One: Strengthening the Implementation of Basic Knowledge

[Self-reading textbook·Fill in key points]

1. Global navigation satellite systems and their applications

1. Concept: A navigation and positioning system that can provide all-weather ______, ______, and time information at any location on the earth's surface or near-Earth space.

2. Type: US Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), EU's Galileo Navigation Satellite System (GALILEO), China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS).

3. Functions: ______, navigation, etc., which provide users with precise three-dimensional coordinates, speed and time.

4. Application: ______ census and planning, marine survey and monitoring, meteorological and _____ disaster monitoring and rescue, etc.

2. Remote sensing and its applications

1. Concept: A comprehensive detection technology that uses detection instruments to record the electromagnetic wave characteristics of ______ from a distance without close contact with the detection target, and through analysis, reveals the ______ and changes of the target object.

2. work process

3. remote sensing images

(1) Overview: It is the product of information obtained by various sensors and is the ______ of remote sensing detection targets, mainly including ______ and ______.

(2) Pixel: It is the smallest unit that can be distinguished in detail on remote sensing images, referred to as ______. The smaller the pixel, the more ___ the ability of the image to display surface information details, and the ____ the resolution.

(3)Classification

black and white image

According to the grayscale differences of objects, the colors of buildings are generally ___, and the colors of grass and forests are ___.

color image

The colors of ground objects on true color images can truly reflect the color characteristics of actual ground objects and conform to human ___________

False color images convert the colors of the objects on the image into colors that are inconsistent with the actual objects, which can improve the __________ of specific objects.

4. Applications of remote sensing

(1) It is widely used in many fields of physical geography research and plays an important role in the ______ and ______ of landforms, climate, hydrology, soil and vegetation.

(2) Monitoring of environment and environment.

3. Geographic information system and its applications

1. Concept: A system that relies on computers to collect, ______, store, ______ and apply geographic information.

2. Composition: Hardware, ______, data, people, models, and methods.

3. process

4. Application: ______ analysis, trend research, ______ research, simulation analysis.

PPT on the application of geographical information technology, part 2: attaching importance to problem-based teaching

Question exploration: What are the applications of geographic information technology? Important and difficult test points

[Thinking and exploring]

The Beidou Navigation Satellite System is a global navigation satellite system independently constructed and operated by China, and is compatible and shared with other navigation satellite systems in the world. It can provide high-precision and highly reliable positioning for all types of users around the world, all day and night. Navigation, timing services, and SMS messaging capabilities. Together with the United States' Global Positioning System, Russia's GLONASS global navigation satellite system, and Europe's Galileo navigation satellite system, it is known as the world's four major navigation satellite systems. On December 27, 2011, the Beidou navigation satellite system began trial operation services. Around 2020, the Beidou navigation satellite system will form global coverage capabilities. In March 2013, the Beidou Strategic Emerging Industrial Park was settled in Wuqing Business District, Tianjin. At present, the Beidou navigation satellite system has officially provided regional services to most regions in the Asia-Pacific.

[Problem Design]

1. Use "comprehensive thinking" to analyze what parts the Beidou navigation satellite system consists of? What are its main features?

Tip: It consists of three parts: navigation and communication satellites, ground control center and mobile terminal. It is global, all-weather, continuous and real-time.

2. Use "comprehensive thinking" to analyze what are the main functions of the Beidou navigation satellite system? What other geographic information technologies are there?

Tips: Positioning and navigation. Remote sensing, geographic information systems.

3. From the perspective of "geographical practicality", in what other fields do you think the Beidou navigation satellite system is widely used?

Tips: Forest census and regulations, marine survey and monitoring, monitoring and rescue of meteorological and geological disasters, etc.

[System Cognition]

1. Global Navigation Satellite System Applications

2. Application of remote sensing

(1) Resource census, environment and disaster monitoring

(2)Agricultural aspects

3. Applications of Geographic Information Systems

(1) Four basic problems solved by geographic information systems

(2) Application of geographic information system in real life

①Application in regional geographical environment research

②Application in urban management

[Training to pass the test]

With the development of science and technology, my country's typhoon forecasting technical capabilities have greatly improved, and the accuracy of typhoon forecasting has steadily improved year by year. The picture below is a satellite cloud image of a certain typhoon. Answer questions 1-2 accordingly.

1. The satellite cloud images sent back by meteorological satellites mainly use ()

A. Global Navigation Satellite System B. remote sensing

C. Geographic information system D. virtual technology

2. At present, meteorological satellites are mainly used to monitor typhoons. By analyzing multiple satellite cloud pictures, it can be obtained ()

①The location of the center of the typhoon; ②The intensity and speed of the typhoon; ③The intensity of precipitation caused by the typhoon; ④The moving direction of the typhoon; ⑤The landing area of ​​the typhoon

A. ①②③⑤ B. ②③④⑤

C. ①③④⑤D. ①②④⑤

Analysis: Remote sensing can obtain satellite cloud images. Weather conditions in any place can be seen from meteorological satellite cloud images, and the location, intensity, moving direction and speed of typhoons can be monitored. This provides a basis for real-time weather forecasting, but it cannot obtain information on the intensity of precipitation caused by typhoons.

The map heat map is based on the geographical location data of mobile phone users and describes the distribution of urban crowds in real time through different color blocks superimposed on the online map. The picture below shows the (partial) map heat map of Shanghai at 9 a.m. on a certain day. Complete questions 3-4.

3. The geographical information technology used in this map is mainly ()

A. GNSS and GIS B. RS and GIS

C. RS and GNSS D. GNSS and IT

4. The thermal high value area in the figure is most likely ()

A. Industrial area b. Residential area

C. Business district D. administrative district

5. Overlaying C and D layers can be studied ()

A． River distributionB. terrain features

C. Store distribution D. Passenger and cargo traffic

PPT on the application of geographical information technology, part three: carrying out structural evaluation of thinking

Structural evaluation of thinking - application of geographical information technology in typhoon disaster prevention and reduction

Typhoon No. 22 of 2018 "Mangkhut" was generated in the northwest Pacific Ocean at 20:00 on September 7, 2018, and rapidly intensified in the warm northwest Pacific Ocean. On September 15, "Mangkhut" made landfall on Luzon Island in the Philippines as a super typhoon, and its majesty continued unabated. At around 17:00 on September 16, it made landfall on the coast of Taishan, Jiangmen City, Guangdong, my country, with a strong typhoon level near the center when it landed. The maximum wind force was level 14 and the minimum pressure was 955 hPa. It was the strongest typhoon to land in my country in 2018. From the 16th to the 18th, the wind force in the central and western coastal areas of South China was 14-16, with gusts reaching 17 or above; heavy rainstorms occurred in parts of southern Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau, southern Guangxi, Hainan Island, southern Yunnan and other places, and extremely heavy rainstorms occurred locally. Please discuss how to use geographic information technology to effectively prevent or mitigate typhoon disasters?

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Update Time: 2024-10-03

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