"Prevention of Infectious Diseases in Spring and Summer" PPT

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"Prevention of Infectious Diseases in Spring and Summer" PPT

Why is it easy for infectious diseases to spread in spring?

What are the epidemic characteristics of spring infectious diseases?

What are the common types of spring infectious diseases?

What are the characteristics of these diseases? How to identify?

How to prevent respiratory infectious diseases in spring

Six reasons why spring is a good time for diseases

1. In winter, the body gradually gets used to the cold. The weather is getting warmer in spring, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, but the human body's internal system has not had time to adjust.

2. Spring is about hair growth, everything is ready to move, and bacteria, viruses, etc. are also active.

3. Weird weather that does not follow the rules, temperature changes that alternate between hot and cold, and pollen flying everywhere are also causes of illness in spring.

4. There are fewer varieties of vegetables/fruits in early spring and they are prone to lack of nutrients.

5. After the beginning of spring, people begin to flow, and gathering people in public places helps spread pathogenic bacteria to each other.

6. It is affected by local outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases in the world and surrounding areas.

Epidemic characteristics of spring infectious diseases

Respiratory tract infections are the most common

The pathogens are also mainly eliminated from the body through the respiratory tract. In addition to smallpox, whooping cough, scarlet fever, etc., which can be transmitted through indirect contact, other respiratory infectious diseases are also mainly transmitted through air droplets or direct contact with patients.

Gastrointestinal infectious diseases are also not uncommon: hepatitis

Types of respiratory infectious diseases in spring

The main respiratory infectious diseases in spring include: influenza, meningococcal meningitis (meningococcal meningitis), measles, rubella, chickenpox, mumps, atypical pneumonia, etc. The pathogens of respiratory infectious diseases mainly invade the human body from the respiratory tract, causing lesions and becoming carriers of bacteria and viruses.

Characteristics of clinical manifestations

influenza

Influenza is an acute respiratory viral infection caused by influenza viruses.

Flu is different from the common cold

Can cause an epidemic

Can cause upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, and infections other than the respiratory system

Clinical features

1. The onset of illness is sudden, with chills and fever, and the body temperature reaches a peak within a few hours to 24 hours, at 39-40°C or even higher. Accompanied by headache, body aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Respiratory symptoms are mild, including dry throat, sore throat, dry cough, and possibly diarrhea.

2. Facial flushing: congestion of the outer canthus of the conjunctiva, congestion of the pharynx, and follicles on the soft palate.

treat

1. General treatment: bed rest, drink plenty of water, give a liquid or semi-liquid diet, rinse your mouth with warm salt water or warm boiled water after eating to keep the nasopharynx and oral cavity clean.

2. Symptomatic treatment: Those with high fever and irritability can be given antipyretic and analgesic drugs.

3. Antiviral (ribavirin) treatment.

4. Antibacterial (penicillin, Pioneer IV, VI) treatment.

Epidemics of infectious diseases

Source of infection: The patient is the source of infection. From 2 days before the onset of the disease to 5 days after the rash appears, the conjunctival secretions, nose, mouth, pharynx, and trachea secretions of the patient contain the virus and are contagious.

Transmission route: Direct transmission is mainly through air droplets, but it can also be transmitted indirectly through virus-contaminated items. Minimizing contact with patients and their families is the key to preventing measles.

Population susceptibility: The population is generally susceptible. It is more common in infants and young children, but in recent years due to the widespread vaccination of measles vaccines, the age of onset has tended to move later.

Precaution

1. Do a good job in health care and get measles vaccine on time;

2. Indoor air circulation, avoid going to public places during epidemic seasons, especially babies under 8 months old should avoid going to crowded places;

3. At the same time, exercise the body and enhance disease resistance.

4. Once in contact with a child with measles, they should be isolated immediately and not allowed to go out. Placental globulin or gamma globulin can be injected intramuscularly.

5. Children should be isolated until the 5th day after the rash appears, and given a nutritious and easily digestible liquid or semi-liquid diet, and avoid greasy and spicy food. Improving population immunity is the key to preventing measles, so it is very important to implement planned immunization for susceptible groups.

How to effectively prevent respiratory infectious diseases in spring?

The first is to strictly treat and isolate patients, do not have frequent contact with patients, and do not visit patients’ homes;

Secondly, we must develop good working and living habits, maintain air circulation in the living and working environment, and avoid going to crowded and airtight public places;

The third is to pay attention to personal hygiene, wash hands frequently, and take necessary personal protection (for example, wearing masks is encouraged in epidemic areas);

Fourth, pay attention to adding or removing clothes according to weather changes, keep warm from cold, participate in more exercises, drink more water, eat more fruits rich in vitamin C, and enhance your ability to resist diseases;

The fifth is to carry out preventive vaccinations to improve the immunity of the population. For example, there are corresponding vaccines for measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, meningitis, mumps, rubella, influenza, etc.

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Update Time: 2024-09-28

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