"Inference of Elements" Periodic Law of Elements in Material Structure PPT

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"Inference of Elements" Periodic Law of Elements in Material Structure PPT

Part One: Knowledge and Ability

Element inference questions occupy a certain proportion in the college entrance examination over the years (mainly reflected in multiple-choice questions). They mainly test the relationship between "position, structure, and sex" in the periodic table of elements and the ability to make comprehensive inferences using the structure and properties of matter. They require proficiency. A comprehensive analysis is conducted on the structural characteristics of all short-period elements, their positions in the periodic table, and the properties of their important compounds.

1. General problem-solving ideas

2. Inference method

(1) For simple inference questions, you can find the answer by applying relevant knowledge points for direct judgment, comparison or calculation.

(2) In many cases, only short-period elements or the first 20 elements are involved. You can draw a periodic table on a scratch paper that only contains short-period elements or the first 20 elements, and make inferences based on this table.

(3) You can use the breakthrough point suggested by the question, connect it with other conditions, follow the clues, break through them one by one, and draw conclusions.

Element inference PPT, part 2: typical example navigation

[Typical example] There are five short-period elements A, B, C, D, and E. It is known that the adjacent four elements A, B, C, and D have a total of 56 electrons outside the nucleus. Their positions in the periodic table are as follows As shown in the figure. The elemental substance of E can react with acid. 1 mol of the elemental E can react with a sufficient amount of acid to produce 33.6 L H2 under standard conditions; the cationic structure of E is exactly the same as the anionic outer nuclear shell of A.

Answer the following questions:

(1)The chemical formula of the compound formed by A and E is ____________________.

(2) The chemical formula of the highest-priced oxide of B is ________, the element name of C is ________, and the chemical equation of the reaction between the elemental substance of D and water is _______________________.

(3) Add caustic soda solution dropwise to the aqueous solution of the compound formed by D and E until it is excessive. The observed phenomenon is_________________________________________,

Ionic equation for the reaction_______________________________.

[Analysis] Suppose the number of electrons in the atoms of the four elements A, B, C, and D are x-8, x-1, x, x+1 respectively, then (x-8)+(x-1) +x+(x+1)=56, x=16, A, B, C, and D are O, P, S, and Cl respectively. According to the volume of H2 generated by the reaction of 1 mol E with a sufficient amount of acid is 33.6 L, it can be seen that E is aluminum element.

Inference of elements PPT, the third part: experience training

1. The atomic numbers of the short-period elements W, hydrogen. Based on this, determine which of the following statements is correct ()

A． Element Y will not melt when heated in air

B． Industrially, Y element can be obtained by electrolyzing molten compounds composed of Y and Z.

C. The compound formed by W and Z can ionize in aqueous solution

D. The product obtained by burning the elemental substance of X in nitrogen contains ionic bonds and covalent bonds.

2. There are four elements: A, B, C, and D. Element A is the most abundant metal element in the earth's crust; the number of electrons in the M layer of the atoms of B element is 1 less than that of the L layer; the atoms of C element get 2 electrons, and D An atom of an element loses one electron, and the resulting particles have the same number of electrons as an argon atom. Answer the following questions:

(1)The names of the above four elements are A________, B____________, C________, and D________.

(2) Draw a schematic structural diagram of A ion and C atom ________, ________.

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Update Time: 2024-10-06

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