"Common Materials in Daily Life" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware

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"Common Materials in Daily Life" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware

1. Inorganic non-metallic materials

Silicate materials: silicate-containing inorganic materials made from silicon-containing materials by heating.

Common silicate materials are: cement, glass, ceramics

1. Cement

1) The raw materials for making cement are: clay, limestone and gypsum

2) Equipment for making cement: cement rotary kiln

2. Glass

1) Industrial preparation:

①Raw materials: soda ash, limestone, quartz

②Equipment: Glass kiln

③Main reactions:

Na2CO3+SiO2 High temperature Na2SiO3+CO2↑

CaCO3+SiO2 High Temperature CaSiO3+CO2↑

④Ingredients: Na2SiO3, CaSiO3, SiO2

2) Glassy state: Glass is an amorphous substance, has no fixed melting point, and softens within a certain temperature range.

Questions to think about:

1) What are the raw materials for pottery making?

2) What are the advantages of ceramics?

3) What are the main uses of ceramics?

organic synthetic materials

Synthetic organic polymer materials (synthetic materials) such as plastics, synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubber.

1. Plastic

Thermoplastics: such as: polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.

Thermosetting plastics: such as: phenolic plastics (bakelite).

[Thinking] What is "white pollution"? How to solve the problem of "white pollution"?

"White pollution": refers to environmental pollution caused by waste plastics.

The application and development of synthetic materials have greatly facilitated human life. However, the sharp increase in synthetic waste has also brought about environmental problems, and the "white pollution" caused by waste plastics is particularly serious. This is because most plastics are difficult to degrade in the natural environment. Long-term accumulation will damage the soil, pollute groundwater, and endanger the survival of marine life; and if chlorine-containing plastics are burned, toxic hydrogen chloride gas will be produced, thereby polluting the air. So, how to solve the problem of "white pollution"?

How to solve the problem of "white pollution"?

① Reduce the use of unnecessary plastic products, such as using cloth bags instead of plastic bags.

②Reuse certain plastic products such as plastic bags, plastic boxes, etc.

③ Use some new, degradable plastics, such as microbial degradable plastics and photodegradable plastics.

④Recycle various waste plastics.

⑴ Directly used as material. For example, recycled polyethylene plastic is made into recycled film and used as packaging bags.

⑵Pyrolysis into monomers. For example, organic glass is pyrolyzed into monomers and then re-polymerized into finished products.

⑶Made into fuel and gas. Plastics that cannot or are difficult to decompose can be decomposed into diesel, kerosene and gasoline under catalysts and high temperature conditions, and even cracked into gas.

2. Synthetic fibers

Synthetic fibers have high strength, good elasticity, wear resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance, but have poor water absorption and air permeability. Such as: polyester (reliable), nylon (nylon), acrylic (artificial wool), etc.

Synthetic fibers are often mixed with natural fibers to make clothes comfortable and crisp.

3. Synthetic rubber

Compared with natural rubber, synthetic rubber has high elasticity, insulation, oil resistance and high temperature resistance. Such as: styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber and chloroprene rubber, etc.

【Classroom Exercise】

Among the following substances, which one is not a synthetic material ()

A.Queliang B.Nylon C.Silk D.Acrylic

The “white pollution” that needs to be solved urgently in our country usually refers to ( )

A. White smoke from smelting plant

B. White powder from lime kiln

C. Polyethylene and other plastic waste

D.White building materials

composite materials

1 Definition of composite materials: Materials made of two or more materials with different properties through special processing are called composite materials.

Note: ① Made of two or more materials.

②Special processing is not a simple mixing, but a complex physical and chemical change.

FRP is a composite material with glass fiber as reinforcement and synthetic resin as matrix.

Advantages: The strength of FRP can reach or even exceed the strength of alloys, while the density is only about 1/5 of steel; at the same time, this material maintains good chemical corrosion resistance, electrical insulation and mechanical processing properties, and is not unlike steel It's as hard and brittle as ordinary glass.

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"Common Materials in Daily Life" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 2:

"Common Materials in Daily Life" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 2 1. Organic polymer materials: (1) Concept: materials made of organic polymer compounds. (2) Classification Natural organic polymer materials Cotton Wool Natural rubber Synthetic organic polymer materials Plastic...

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Update Time: 2024-10-04

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Hunan Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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