"Common Materials in Daily Life" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 2

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"Common Materials in Daily Life" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 2

1. Organic polymer materials:

(1) Concept: Materials made of organic polymer compounds.

(2)Classification

Natural organic polymer materials cotton wool natural rubber

Synthetic organic polymer materials Plastics Synthetic fibers Synthetic rubber

(3) Structural characteristics and properties.

① Polymer materials with a chain structure melt when heated, become solid after cooling, and can melt again after heating, so they have _______, such as polyethylene plastic.

② Once the polymer material with a network structure is processed and formed, it will no longer melt when heated, so it has _______, such as phenolic plastic (commonly known as bakelite).

2. Three major synthetic materials:

(1) Plastic.

① Features: It has the advantages of _______, _______, and easy processing.

②Types: Polyethylene plastics, polyvinyl chloride plastics, phenolic plastics, etc. are commonly used.

(2)Synthetic fibers.

①Type: polyester, nylon (nylon), acrylic, etc.

②Performance.

Advantages: _______, _______, wear resistance and chemical corrosion resistance;

Disadvantages: _______, _______ are poor.

(3) Synthetic rubber.

①Type: styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, etc.

②Performance: High elasticity, insulation, oil resistance, high temperature resistance and not easy to age.

【Micro Dial】

(1) Burning method is usually used to identify whether the material is wool products, cotton products or chemical fiber products. Wool products can produce the smell of burnt feathers when burned, and the resulting solid can be kneaded into powder; cotton products can produce the smell of burning paper, and can be powdered solid; the solid obtained is in the shape of small black balls and cannot be crushed by hand. Chemical fiber products are kneaded into powder.

(2) Polyethylene plastic is commonly used in daily life to make food bags. Polyethylene is composed of two elements: carbon and hydrogen; polyvinyl chloride is composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and chlorine. PVC plastic is toxic and cannot be used for food packaging. .

1. (2014 Qiandongnan Prefecture High School Entrance Examination) Organic synthetic materials are made from ________, coal, water, air, etc. as raw materials through a series of chemical reactions. Common organic synthetic materials include ________, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, etc.

2. (2014·Zunyi High School Entrance Examination) The construction of new rural areas in Zunyi City is in full swing, and solar street lights have been installed on both sides of the roads in many villages. Which statement about the materials used in solar street lights is incorrect ()

A. Aluminum alloy lamp posts are composite materials

B. The silicon element in silicon solar panels is a non-metallic element

C. Fill the bulb with nitrogen as a protective gas

D. The transparent plastic lampshade is an organic synthetic polymer material.

High-frequency test point 1 Nutrients and human health (★★★★☆)

[Example Question] (2014 Tongren High School Entrance Examination) During the Qingming Festival holiday, Xiao Ming went for a picnic with his classmates. He prepared ① rice noodles ② beef ③ vegetable oil ④ steamed buns ⑤ salt ⑥ mineral water and other items. Please help answer:

(1) Sugar substances mainly exist in the above-mentioned items ________. (fill in serial number)

(2) From the perspective of scientific diet and nutritional balance, do you think Xiao Ming needs to bring ________ nutrients?

(3) After the picnic, in order to prevent fire, Xiao Ming used cold water to put out all the fire sources. The principle he used was ____________________________.

[Guizhou·National Examination Questions Return Visit]

1. (2012 Tongren High School Entrance Examination) A classmate developed symptoms of diarrhea. The doctor advised him not to eat foods rich in fat and protein for the time being. Then the breakfast he should choose is ()

A. Bread and milk B. Minced meat rice noodles and yogurt

C. Fried dough sticks and soy milk D. Steamed buns and porridge

2. (2012 Anshun High School Entrance Examination) The doctor recommended that Xiao Ming eat more vegetables, so the nutrients Xiao Ming needs to supplement are mainly ()

A. Vitamins B. Fats C. Proteins D. Inorganic salts

3. (2014·Chongqing High School Entrance Examination Paper A) The Chongqing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government strive to improve the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students through the implementation of the "Egg and Milk Project" and "Love Lunch". A "love lunch" provided to students by a school contains the following foods, of which the one with the least protein is ()

A. Stir-fried vegetables B. Tofu soup C. Braised pork D. Boiled fish

4. (2014 Yibin High School Entrance Examination) Which of the following substances are basic nutrients for human life and health maintenance ()

① Vitamins ② Protein ③ Carbohydrates ④ Oils and fats ⑤ Inorganic salts ⑥ Water

A. Only ①②③ B. Only ②③⑤

C. Only ①②③④⑤ D.①②③④⑤⑥

High-frequency test point 2 Food safety and human health (★★★★☆)

[Model Question] (2012·Zunyi High School Entrance Examination) Food safety issues have attracted widespread attention. The following behaviors do not violate the "Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" and will not cause harm to human health ( )

A. Use gutter oil to produce and sell edible oil

B. Add melamine to milk to increase the nitrogen content of milk

C. Add an appropriate amount of potassium iodate to table salt to supplement the iodine needed by the human body.

D. Add non-food additives such as urea, enrofloxacin, and root-free agents during the production of bean sprouts

[Guizhou·National Examination Questions Return Visit]

1. (2013 Guangdong High School Entrance Examination) Chemistry is everywhere in life. Which of the following is correct ()

A. Iodine is a trace element needed by the human body and needs to be supplemented in large quantities.

B. Moldy rice, peanuts, etc. contain aflatoxin and should be eaten after cooking

C. Although pickled kimchi contains nitrite, there is no harm in eating more of it.

D. Some nail polishes contain a small amount of formaldehyde, so teenagers should try to avoid using them.

2. (2014·Hengyang High School Entrance Examination) Chemistry comes from life and at the same time serves life. Which of the following is unreasonable ()

A. Food packaging is filled with nitrogen to prevent corrosion

B. Travel by bus to achieve a “low-carbon” life

C. Soak seafood in formaldehyde solution to preserve freshness

D. Distinguish natural fibers from synthetic fibers by burning and smelling them

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"Common Materials in Daily Life" Chemistry and Life PPT courseware:

"Common Materials in Daily Life" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 1. Inorganic non-metallic materials Silicate materials: Inorganic materials containing silicate made by heating silicon-containing materials. Common silicate materials are: cement, glass, ceramics 1. Cement 1)..

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Update Time: 2024-10-04

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Hunan Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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