"The Main Element Composing Fuel—Carbon" Fuel PPT Courseware 2

Description

"The Main Element Composing Fuel—Carbon" Fuel PPT Courseware 2

Elements and compounds containing carbon account for more than 90% of the total number of substances in nature. Carbon is an important element in the composition of substances.

Matter is composed of elements

Different elements make up different substances

Can the same element make up different substances?

Several substances composed of carbon (picture)

Diamond Graphite C60

1. Carbon element

Diamond:

Pure diamond is a naturally occurring carbon crystal, colorless, transparent, and octahedral.

Not conductive

Diamond - the hardest natural substance

Diamond is the hardest natural substance. It can not only cut glass, but is also used as drill bits for drilling machines.

Graphite---one of the softest minerals in nature

Graphite physical properties 1:

Dark gray, metallic luster, opaque, fine flake-like solid, soft, leaving traces on paper. Has a greasy feel

Pencil lead does not actually contain lead, but is a mixture of graphite and clay.

Graphite physical properties 2:

Graphite has excellent electrical conductivity

Graphite physical properties 3:

Graphite has good thermal conductivity

One end of the pencil lead is heated on the flame of the alcohol lamp, and soon the other end is obviously heated when touched.

2. Amorphous carbon

A mixture of graphite tiny crystals and a small amount of impurities with no fixed geometric shape (mainly carbon element) - coke, carbon black, charcoal, activated carbon

Note: "Carbon" means element,

"Charcoal" refers to a specific substance composed of carbon elements.

1. Charcoal - fuel, adsorbent

2. Coke - metallurgical industry

3. Activated carbon - gas mask, decolorizing agent

4. Carbon black - ink, paint, shoe polish, pigment, black rubber

practise

1. Diamond, graphite, and C60 are all elements composed of ______. However, there are huge differences in their properties (for example, diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance, while graphite is very soft), and this is because they are __________ different.

2. The hardest element among the following substances is ( )

A.Charcoal B. C60 C.Diamond D.Carbon dioxide

3. Scientists have developed a new substance with a composition of C70. Which of the following statements about this substance is incorrect ( )

AIt is a simple substance

BIt is a compound

C Its relative molecular mass is 840

D It has 70 carbon atoms in one molecule

3. Chemical Properties of Carbon

1. At room temperature, the chemical properties are very inactive;

2. As the temperature rises, the activity is greatly enhanced. At high temperatures, carbon can react with many substances.

There are 4 electrons in the outermost shell, which are neither easy to lose nor easy to gain.

Carbon element is stable at room temperature

Before burying wooden telephone poles or wooden piles in the ground, the surface of a part of the buried wood is often slightly scorched. why is that?

After the wood is charred, it becomes charcoal. The charcoal does not react easily when it comes into contact with air and moisture and can be stored for a long time.

Products of carbon combustion:

1. Sufficient oxygen produces carbon dioxide

2. Insufficient oxygen produces carbon monoxide

Generally speaking, if it is not stated that there is insufficient oxygen (or air) when carbon is burned, it usually refers to the reaction of complete combustion to generate carbon dioxide.

Carbon monoxide is the main component of household gas. The smelly substance ethyl mercaptan (C2H5SH) is added to the gas to alert people in case of leakage and prevent poisoning accidents. Carbon monoxide can be collected by drainage in the laboratory.

What relevant information can you get through the description of this text and your life experience?

1. Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas;

2. Hardly soluble in water;

3. It is flammable and the flame turns light blue when burning;

4. Toxic. (Combined with hemoglobin in the blood, the blood loses its ability to transport oxygen)

use as you learn

1. The main component of coal is ( ). When there is sufficient air, coal is fully burned and mainly produces ( ). When there is insufficient air, coal cannot be fully burned and produces ( ). This is one of the main causes of gas poisoning.

2. There are two bottles A and B. Bottle A contains carbon monoxide gas, and bottle B contains carbon dioxide gas. Put two locusts into two bottles respectively and tighten the bottle caps. After a while, it was found that both locusts were dead. Please explain what caused the death of the two locusts:

A bottle: Carbon monoxide is poisonous and poisons locusts to death.

Bottle B: Carbon dioxide cannot supply breathing, causing the locusts to suffocate to death.

3. The uses of the following substances utilize both the physical properties of carbon and the chemical properties of carbon ( )

A Use charcoal as fuel B Use coke to make iron

C Use activated carbon to adsorb pigments in industrial products

D Use ink to write precious information or draw calligraphy and painting

Please discuss the differences between CO and CO2 from both macro and micro perspectives respectively?

Macroscopically: different types of substances; different chemical properties; different valences of carbon elements;

Substances contain the same elements.

Micro: different molecular structures; different molecular chemical properties;

The number of oxygen atoms in a single molecule varies;

The types of atoms in the molecules are the same; the number of carbon atoms in a single molecule is the same.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Carbon, the Main Element Composing Fuels", please click the "Carbon, the Main Element Composing Fuels ppt" ppt tag.

"The Main Element Composing Fuel - Carbon" Fuel PPT Courseware 3:

"Carbon, the Main Element Composing Fuel" Fuel PPT Courseware 3 Learning Objectives Understand the physical properties and main uses of diamond and graphite. Clarify the relationship between the properties and uses of substances. Understand the combustion of carbon and its products. Do you know what elements oxygen can form? phosphorus..

"The Main Element Composing Fuel - Carbon" Fuel PPT Courseware:

"Carbon, the Main Element Composing Fuel" Fuel PPT Courseware Amorphous Carbon: Note: Carbon represents an element, and charcoal represents a specific substance composed of carbon elements. The reasons for the different physical properties of diamond and graphite: The arrangement of carbon atoms is different. Small information With the development of technology...

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Update Time: 2024-07-23

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 1 industry PPT template

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