"The "Heritage" of Paleontology—Fossil Fuels" Fuel PPT Courseware 2

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"The "Heritage" of Paleontology—Fossil Fuels" Fuel PPT Courseware 2

review:

Reaction of carbon dioxide and limewater

Phenomenon: Clear lime water becomes turbid. Reason: White CaCO3 precipitate that is insoluble in water is generated.

CO2 + Ca(OH)2== CaCO3↓+ H2O

Application of this reaction

①Inspection of CO2 gas

② If lime water has been left for a long time, a layer of white substance will appear on the wall of the bottle.

③The walls that have just been plastered with lime mortar will become even more humid when a charcoal stove is turned on.

④Construction workers cover the unused lime mortar with a layer of soil

⑤Put the eggs in lime water and take them out for a while to keep them fresh.

think:

1. What fuel do you use for cooking, bathing, etc. at home?

2. What fuel do cars, ships, planes, tractors, etc. use?

3. What fuels are used in steel mills, thermal power plants, etc.?

1. The formation of coal

1. How is coal formed? Please answer by observing the pictures and reading the textbook?

2. Please imagine what the natural environment was like in the current coal-producing areas millions or hundreds of millions of years ago?

Answer: 1. Coal is formed from the remains of ancient plants after a series of complex changes.

2. The current coal-producing area should have been an area with suitable temperature, sufficient light, rain, and lush vegetation millions or hundreds of millions of years ago.

2. The formation of oil and natural gas

discuss:

1. Can oil be used directly as fuel? Why not use oil directly as fuel?

No, because this will waste resources, is uneconomical, and unscientific, and should be utilized comprehensively.

2. Is petroleum a pure substance or a mixture? Why? On what principle is oil refined?

A mixture because it contains multiple ingredients.

Separate oil components based on their different boiling points.

Answer the following questions based on the pictures

1. Describe the observed experimental phenomena

Methane burns, emitting a bright blue flame, causing small water droplets to appear on the inside of the beaker, and producing gases that turn the limewater turbid.

2. What other information can you get about methane?

1. Methane is flammable.

Note: The purity of methane gas must be checked before igniting it. Methane gas is a mixture of methane and oxygen. It may explode when ignited. Its explosion limit is 5%--15%.

2. Methane produces water and carbon dioxide after burning.

3. Methane must contain two elements: carbon and hydrogen, and may contain oxygen.

Measures to reduce air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust include:

(1) Improve the combustion method of the engine so that gasoline can be fully burned.

(2) Use a catalytic purification device to convert harmful gases into harmless substances.

(3) Use unleaded gasoline and prohibit the discharge of lead-containing substances.

(4) Use compressed natural gas [CNG] or liquefied petroleum gas [LPG] as fuel.

1. Which of the following substances are pure substances ( )

A. Coal B. Petroleum C. Natural gas D. Dry ice

2. Which of the following substances is a mixture ( )

A. Methane B. Nitrogen C. Gas D. Carbon dioxide

3. Which of the following changes are physical changes ( )

A. Petroleum separates gasoline, diesel and other substances

B. Coal is isolated from air and heated to obtain coke, coal tar, gas and other substances.

C. Combustion of liquefied petroleum gas D. Fermentation of straw and weeds to generate heat

4. If the following gases are mixed with air and ignite, it is impossible to explode ( )

A. Methane B. Carbon monoxide C. Nitrogen D. Liquefied petroleum gas

2. Use and develop new fuels and energy sources

1. Ethanol and hydrogen are two clean energy sources, among which hydrogen is considered the cleanest fuel.

⒉Combustion of automobile fuel

⑴The fuel used in automobiles is gasoline or diesel. Their combustion will produce carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, lead compounds, smoke, etc., collectively called exhaust gas. Emission into the air will cause air pollution and harm human health. ⑵In order to reduce air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust, it is necessary to take:

Improve the combustion method of the engine so that the fuel can be fully burned;

Use catalytic purification devices to convert harmful gases into harmless gases; use unleaded gasoline and prohibit the emission of lead-containing substances;

Increase efforts to detect exhaust gas and ban cars that do not meet environmental protection standards from the road; switch to compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or ethanol gasoline (a mixture) as fuel to reduce air pollution.

⒊The burning of fossil fuels causes air pollution

⑴When certain elements in fuel, such as sulfur, are burned, air pollutants such as SO2 are produced;

⑵ Insufficient combustion of fuel produces carbon monoxide;

⑶Unburned hydrocarbons, carbon particles, dust particles, etc. are emitted into the air

Assignment: Please investigate, what is the market price of coal, liquefied petroleum gas, pipeline gas, and natural gas? Check the calorific value of common fuels. From an economic point of view, which fuel is more cost-effective? Considering factors such as resource conservation, environmental protection, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness, which fuel should be promoted in the future?

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Fuel Paleontology's Legacy Fossil Fuels", please click the Fuel ppt Paleontology's Legacy Fossil Fuels ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-11-19

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 1 industry PPT template

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