"General Review of the Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 1" PPT courseware

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"General Review of the Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 1" PPT courseware

changes in matter

Explain physical and chemical changes from both macro and micro aspects

Which of the following changes is a chemical change ( )

① Distillation ② Drying ③ Adsorption ④ Dissolution ⑤ Explosion ⑥ Molecular change

⑦Atomic recombination ⑧Exothermic changes ⑨Changes with gas production

⑩ Slow oxidation ⑾ Combustion

Which of the following changes is a chemical property ( )

① Adsorption ② Toxicity ③ Oxidation ④ Reduction

⑤Carbon dioxide cannot be burned ⑥Oxygen can supply breathing

⑦Flammability ⑧Stability ⑨Hydrogen is the lightest ⑩Acidic

⑾ Low melting point ⑿ Rare gases can emit light of different colors when energized

Air composition, pollution, prevention and control

1. Composition of air

2. Properties of nitrogen in the air

3. Experimental principles, phenomena, conclusions and precautions for measuring oxygen content

4. Two aspects of air pollution

5. Prevention and control of air pollution

properties of oxygen

1. Physical properties of oxygen

2. Chemical properties of oxygen

(1) Metal + oxygen (iron, magnesium, copper, aluminum)

(2) Non-metal + oxygen (hydrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus)

(3) Compound + oxygen (methane, carbon monoxide, alcohol)

The chemical properties of oxygen are relatively active and oxidizing

3. Uses and harms of oxygen

Oxygen supports combustion and provides breathing. Slow oxidation causes the substance to become putrid.

Type of substance

1. The correct statements about the categories of substances are ( )

① A single element is composed of an element ② A mixture is composed of two or more elements ③ Substances containing oxygen are oxides ④ The solution must be a mixture ⑤ An element must have only one element ⑥ A molecule is composed of an element ⑦ There is only one kind of atom in a substance

2. Which of the following substances is pure ( )

① Liquid oxygen ② Red phosphorus ③ Charcoal ④ Natural gas ⑤ Ethanol gasoline ⑥ Potassium permanganate ⑦ Calcium carbonate containing 30% calcium ⑧ Limestone ⑨ Hydrochloric acid ⑩ Copper sulfate

3. Among substances such as ① liquid oxygen ② sulfur ③ air ④ magnesium oxide ⑤ sugar water ⑥ molten iron ⑦ solid matter after oxygen production from potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide, the ones that are mixtures are ___, those that are pure substances are ___, and those that are simple substances It is ___, the one that belongs to the compound is ____, and the one that belongs to the oxide is _____.

molecules, atoms, ions

1. Molecules, atoms, and ions constitute matter (microscopic analysis)

2. Concepts of molecules, atoms, and ions

3. Similarities and differences between molecules, atoms, and ions

4. Explain chemical and physical changes, mixtures and pure substances from a microscopic perspective

The structure of atoms and ions

1. Three basic particles that make up atoms

2. Equality relationship in atoms and ions

In an atom: number of protons = number of nuclear charges = number of electrons (not necessarily equal to the number of neutrons)

In ions: number of protons = number of nuclear charges ≠ number of electrons (not necessarily equal to the number of neutrons)

3. Relative mass of atoms

Relative mass of atom ≈ number of protons + number of neutrons

4. Extranuclear electron configuration of atoms and ions

composition of water

1. The correct statement about the composition of water is ( )

A． Composed of hydrogen and oxygen

B． Composed of a hydrogen molecule and an oxygen atom

C. Composed of two elements, hydrogen and oxygen

D. Made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms

2. Among the following descriptions of water electrolysis experiments, which one is unscientific ( )

A． This experiment shows that water contains two elements: hydrogen and oxygen.

B． Under the same conditions, the volume ratio of oxygen and hydrogen generated by water electrolysis is approximately 1:2

C. The electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen indicates that the water contains hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules

D. During the electrolysis process, the type of elements and the number of atoms do not change.

Conservation of mass

1. Which of the following can be explained by the law of conservation of mass ( )

A． Before and after water turns into ice, its mass remains the same

B． The total volume after mixing 1mL water and 1mL alcohol is less than 2mL

C. 1 gram of hydrogen ignites in 1 gram of oxygen to produce 2 grams of water

D. 1 gram of sulfur reacts exactly with 1 gram of oxygen to produce 2 grams of sulfur dioxide.

2. Which of the following mass relationships conforms to the law of conservation of mass ( )

A． 2g hydrogen and 8g oxygen react to produce 10g water

B． 3g carbon and 9g oxygen react to produce 12g carbon dioxide

C. 7g carbon monoxide and 4g oxygen react to produce 1lg carbon dioxide

D. 4g magnesium reacts with 2g oxygen to produce 6g magnesium oxide

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