"Transformation of Sulfur" Nature and Transformation of Substances PPT (Second Lesson: Sulfuric Acid Rain and Its Prevention and Control)

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"Transformation of Sulfur" Nature and Transformation of Substances PPT (Second Lesson: Sulfuric Acid Rain and Its Prevention and Control)

Part One: What are the new curriculum standards?

1. Understand the main properties of sulfuric acid.

2. Understand the application of sulfuric acid in production and its impact on the ecological environment.

3. Able to consciously use the knowledge learned or seek relevant evidence to participate in discussions on social issues (such as acid rain prevention and control).

PPT on the transformation of sulfur, part 2: exploration of new knowledge

sulfuric acid

[New textbook for self-study]

Read the textbook and answer the following questions:

1. Sulfuric acid is not only an important reagent in chemical experiments, but also an important chemical raw material.

(1) Complete the following experiment.

2. As shown in the picture, put sucrose in the beaker, add a few drops of water, stir evenly, then add a certain amount of concentrated sulfuric acid and stir quickly.

(1)The observed experimental phenomenon is _______________________________.

Concentrated sulfuric acid behaves as ____________________.

(2) Concentrated sulfuric acid is highly corrosive, so be very careful when using it.

① Correct operation of diluting concentrated sulfuric acid: ____________________.

②Concentrated sulfuric acid may cause severe burns if it gets on your skin. So when you accidentally get concentrated sulfuric acid on your skin, the treatment method is_______________

________________________________________.

(3) When preparing CO2, H2, Cl2 and other gases in the laboratory, the gas is often passed through a gas scrubbing bottle containing concentrated sulfuric acid for the purpose of ____________________, which reflects the properties of concentrated sulfuric acid as ____________________.

(4) Cold concentrated sulfuric acid can be stored in iron or aluminum containers because ________

__________________________________________________.

Tips: (1) Sucrose gradually turns black, expands in volume, and forms loose and porous sponge-like carbon. Oxidizing and dehydrating properties

(2)① Slowly pour concentrated sulfuric acid into the water along the wall of the vessel and stir continuously

②Rinse immediately with plenty of water, and then apply 3% to 5% NaHCO3 solution

(3)Remove water vapor in gas and absorb water

(4) When concentrated sulfuric acid comes into contact with iron or aluminum, a dense oxide film will be formed on the metal surface and passivated, preventing the metal inside from continuing to react with sulfuric acid.

3. Sulfuric acid is one of the most important chemical products with the largest output and the most widely used in the basic chemical industry. It is also an important reagent in chemical laboratories. Industrial production of sulfuric acid uses sulfur-containing substances as raw materials and uses the contact method to produce sulfuric acid through the following processes.

(1) SO2 gas is produced by roasting pyrite or sulfur as raw material. The reaction principle is _______________ or _______________.

(2) SO2 is oxidized to produce SO3. The reaction principle is __________________. This reaction can proceed in both forward and reverse directions simultaneously under the same conditions. It is a ________ reaction. The properties of SO2 in the reaction are _________.

(3) Use 98.3% concentrated sulfuric acid to absorb SO3. The reaction principle is ______________.

[Implement new knowledge]

1. Explore the idea of ​​​​conversion between different valence sulfur elements

Exploring the mutual conversion between sulfur elements in different valence states is actually exploring the mutual transformation between substances containing sulfur elements in different valence states.

2. sulfuric acid

(1) Physical properties of sulfuric acid

Pure sulfuric acid is a colorless oily liquid with a high boiling point and difficult to volatilize. Concentrated H2SO4 and water are miscible in any ratio and can release a lot of heat when dissolved. The method of diluting concentrated H2SO4 is to slowly inject concentrated H2SO4 into water along the wall of the vessel. And stir constantly with a glass rod.

(2) Dilute H2SO4 has acid properties

Sulfuric acid is a strong electrolyte. The ionization equation in aqueous solution is H2SO4===2H++SO2-4. It can react with indicators, metals, alkaline oxides, bases, salts and other substances. Ionic equation for the reaction of dilute H2SO4 with the following substances:

①Fe: Fe＋2H＋===Fe2＋＋H2↑;

②Ba(OH)2: Ba2＋＋2OH－＋2H＋＋SO2－4===BaSO4↓＋2H2O;

③Na2CO3: CO2-3+2H+===H2O+CO2↑.

(3) Characteristics of concentrated H2SO4

① Water absorption: Concentrated H2SO4 has strong water absorption and is often used as a desiccant.

②Dehydration: Concentrated sulfuric acid can desorb hydrogen and oxygen atoms in substances in a ratio of 2:1 to generate H2O.

③Strong oxidizing property:

(4)Use of sulfuric acid

①Important reagents in chemical laboratories.

②Important chemical raw materials. Industrially, sulfuric acid is commonly used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pesticides, explosives, dyes, etc., as well as in petroleum refining, metal processing, etc.

Acid rain and its prevention and control

[New textbook for self-study]

Acid rain brings various disasters, seriously threatening the natural ecological environment and human living environment.

(1) Is rainwater with a pH less than 7 acid rain? Why?

(2) SO2 discharged into the air forms acid mist under the combined action of O2 and H2O, which becomes sulfuric acid rain when rain falls. Use a chemical equation to represent the conversion path of SO2 to H2SO4.

(3) SO2 in the air mainly comes from the combustion of fossil fuels, as well as industrial waste gases generated from the smelting of sulfur-containing ores and the production of sulfuric acid and phosphate fertilizer pulp. Please find information and analyze how to prevent and control acid rain?

[Implement new knowledge]

1. acid rain

Acid rain refers to rainwater with a pH less than 5.6.

2. The formation path of sulfuric acid rain

Path Ⅰ: 2SO2＋O2�� Catalyst 2SO3, SO3＋H2O===H2SO4

Path Ⅱ: SO2＋H2O��H2SO3, 2H2SO3＋O2===2H2SO4

3. Dangers of acid rain

(1) Make the water quality of the lake acidic, causing the death of aquatic life.

(2) macerate the soil and make the soil impoverished.

(3) Causes large-scale forest death.

(4) Corrosion of buildings, causing them to become unrecognizable.

(5) Penetrating into the ground will increase the content of heavy metal elements in the groundwater. Drinking such water will harm human health.

4. Prevention and Control of Acid Rain

(1) First, start by eliminating pollution sources, change the energy structure, develop and utilize clean energy such as hydrogen energy, wind energy, and solar energy to fundamentally solve the problem.

(2) Secondly, based on the actual situation, control the emission of acidic substances, use physical and chemical methods to desulfurize sulfur-containing fuel in advance, and recover SO2 in the exhaust gas.

(3) Improve laws and regulations again, strictly stipulate emission standards of pollutants, and improve people's awareness of environmental protection.

Keywords: Free download of PPT courseware for the compulsory course 1 of high school chemistry in Lu Ke version, PPT download of the transformation of sulfur, PPT download of the properties and transformation of substances, PPT download of sulfuric acid rain and its prevention and control, .PPT format;

For more information about the PPT courseware "The Properties and Transformation of Substances, Sulfur's Transformation, Sulfuric Acid Rain and Its Prevention and Control" PPT courseware, please click on the "Nature of Substances and Transformation ppt Sulfur's Transformation ppt Sulfuric Acid Rain and Its Prevention and Control ppt" tag.

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

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