"Sulfur and Its Compounds" Important non-metallic elements in chemical production PPT (Test of sulfate ion in lesson 2)

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"Sulfur and Its Compounds" Important non-metallic elements in chemical production PPT (Test of sulfate ion in lesson 2)

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. Sulfuric acid

1.Uses and industrial preparation of sulfuric acid

(1)Usage:

①Important chemical raw materials, which can be used to make ___________, explosives, dyes, salts, etc.

② Used for refining petroleum, pickling before metal processing, preparing various volatile acids, and serving as desiccant.

(2) Industrial preparation:

[Do it] Write down the chemical equations for the reactions related to the industrial preparation of sulfuric acid:

①Prepare_______________________________ or S+O2 SO2;

②Preparation of SO3:____________________;

③Absorb SO3:_______________.

2. Properties of dilute sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid is a strong acid and has acid properties.

【Do it】Write the ionic equation for the following reaction:

(1) Dilute sulfuric acid reacts with active metals, such as Zn:____________________.

(2) Dilute sulfuric acid reacts with metal oxides, such as CuO:_______________.

(3) Reaction of dilute sulfuric acid and alkali, such as NaOH: _____________.

(4) Dilute sulfuric acid reacts with some salts, such as Na2CO3: ____________________.

3. Characteristics of concentrated sulfuric acid

(1) Water absorption and dehydration

①Experimental research

②Comparison

【Micro thinking】

Concentrated sulfuric acid can turn blue bile vitriol into white. Does this process reflect the dehydration or water absorption of concentrated sulfuric acid?

Tip: Reflects water absorption. The water absorption of concentrated sulfuric acid means that concentrated sulfuric acid absorbs water molecules (such as water molecules in gases and liquids, and absorbs crystal water in solids, etc.).

(2) Strong oxidizing property

①Experimental research

②Exhibition of strong oxidation

2. Inspection of SO2

1. Experimental research

2. Check the correct operation method of SO2:

Test liquid ____Take the clear liquid _________Whether there is any white precipitate

Lake is produced (determine whether there is ____).

The purpose of adding dilute hydrochloric acid first is __________________.

Sulfur and its compounds PPT, part 2 content: key abilities and literacy formation

Knowledge point 1: The strong oxidizing property of concentrated sulfuric acid

[Key points to clarify doubts]

1. The strong oxidizing nature of concentrated sulfuric acid

Concentrated sulfuric acid has strong oxidizing properties because the +6-valent sulfur element in the sulfuric acid molecule has a strong ability to obtain electrons.

2. Reflection of the strong oxidizing property of concentrated sulfuric acid

3. How to distinguish concentrated sulfuric acid from dilute sulfuric acid

【Think·Discussion】

(1) When excess copper reacts with a certain amount of concentrated sulfuric acid, can all the sulfuric acid participate in the reaction?

Tip: No. Cu is an inactive metal and can only react with concentrated sulfuric acid and does not react with dilute sulfuric acid. When excess Cu reacts with a certain amount of concentrated sulfuric acid, the concentration of sulfuric acid gradually decreases as the reaction proceeds. When the reaction proceeds to a certain extent, Concentrated sulfuric acid will turn into dilute sulfuric acid, the reaction will stop, and it is impossible for all H2SO4 to participate in the reaction.

(2) If excess zinc is used instead of copper to react with a certain amount of concentrated sulfuric acid, what are the components of the gas generated?

Tip: Zinc first reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid: Zn+2H2SO4 (concentrated)====ZnSO4+SO2↑+2H2O. As the reaction proceeds, the concentration of sulfuric acid decreases, and zinc will further react with dilute sulfuric acid, Zn+H2SO4 (Dilute)====ZnSO4+H2↑, so the generated gas is a mixed gas of SO2 and H2.

【Case Demonstration】

[Typical example] (2019·Dalian Senior High School Test) Answer the following questions based on the device as shown in the picture.

(1) After starting to heat, the phenomenon produced is ______________ at point a; ______________ at point b.

(2) After stopping the reaction, use an alcohol lamp to heat it slightly at b. The phenomenon produced is _______________.

(3) Write the chemical equation for the reaction at a: _________.

(4) The effect of cotton dipped in Na2CO3 solution is _______________________________.

(5) In the experiment, a certain mass of copper sheets and a certain volume of 18 mol·L-1 concentrated sulfuric acid were placed in a test tube and heated together until the reaction was completed. It was found that there were still copper sheets left in the test tube. The students in this group followed what they had learned. Chemical knowledge believes that there is still a certain amount of sulfuric acid remaining.

① There is a certain amount of residual acid but the copper sheet cannot be completely dissolved. Do you think the reason is ____________________.

② Among the following drugs, the one that can be used to prove that there is indeed residual acid in the flask after the reaction is ________ (fill in the letter).

a.Iron powder b.BaCl2 solution

c.Silver powder d.NaHCO3 solution

[Problem-solving guide] To answer this question, you need to pay attention to the following two points:

(1) Clarify the strong oxidizing property of concentrated sulfuric acid.

(2) The influence of H2SO4 concentration on the reaction during the reaction between Cu and concentrated sulfuric acid.

[Analysis] (1) Concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with copper sheets to generate SO2 gas. SO2 can make magenta fade, and the generated CuSO4 makes the solution blue.

(2) Magenta paper bleached by SO2 will turn red again when heated.

(4) SO2 is toxic and cannot be discharged directly into the air. Use Na2CO3 solution to absorb excess SO2.

(5) As the reaction proceeds, H2SO4 is continuously consumed, and the reaction generates water, which gradually reduces the concentration of sulfuric acid. When it becomes dilute sulfuric acid, the reaction will stop, because copper does not react with dilute sulfuric acid and can react with dilute sulfuric acid. After completion of the test tube, add iron powder or NaHCO3 solution. If bubbles are generated, it will prove that there is residual acid.

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

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