"Development and Utilization of Natural Resources" Chemistry and Sustainable Development PPT (Lesson 2)

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"Development and Utilization of Natural Resources" Chemistry and Sustainable Development PPT (Lesson 2)

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. Comprehensive utilization of coal

1. Composition of coal

2. Comprehensive utilization of coal

【Micro thinking】

What method should be used to separate aromatic hydrocarbons from coal tar?

Tip: Coal tar is a liquid mixture composed of various aromatic hydrocarbons. Various aromatic hydrocarbons can be separated by distillation according to their different boiling points.

【Smart Judgment】

(1) Coal is commonly known as coal, so it can be regarded as a simple substance formed from carbon element. ()

Tip:×. Coal is a complex mixture of inorganic and organic compounds.

(2) Coal mainly contains carbon and a small amount of other elements, but most of it contains sulfur. Burning large amounts of sulfur-containing fuels in industry will cause "acid rain". ()

Tips:√. The sulfur element in coal will generate SO2 gas when burned. SO2 gas is one of the main pollutants that form acid rain.

2. Comprehensive utilization of natural gas

【Situation·Thinking】

my country's trial mining of "combustible ice" in the Shenhu Sea Area in the northern part of the South China Sea was successful, marking my country's becoming the first country in the world to achieve continuous and stable output in trial mining of combustible ice in the sea, and a step forward for the mining of combustible ice. An important step.

Combustible ice is an ice-like crystalline substance formed by natural gas and water under low temperature (0~10℃) and high pressure (>107Pa) conditions, also known as natural gas hydrate.

Some people think that "the mining and utilization of flammable ice has realized the dream of turning water into oil." Is this correct?

Hint: Wrong. Because flammable ice contains CH4 and H2O, flammable ice is not only H2O, but also the flammable component CH4.

3. Comprehensive utilization of oil

【Smart Judgment】

(1) Coal, oil and natural gas are non-renewable energy sources and new clean energy sources. ()

Tip:×. Coal, oil and natural gas are not new clean energy sources.

(2) Carbon dioxide produced when fossil fuels are burned is one of the atmospheric pollutants. ()

Tip:×. Carbon dioxide is not an atmospheric pollutant.

(3) Cracked gasoline cannot be used to extract bromine from bromine water. ()

Tips:√. Cracked gasoline contains unsaturated hydrocarbons that react with bromine.

4. Production of synthetic materials using coal, petroleum and natural gas as raw materials

1. Three major synthetic materials: _____, _________, and _________. These three major synthetic materials are mainly produced from petroleum, coal and natural gas.

2. The mass production and use of synthetic materials and the sharp increase in waste have caused huge environmental pressure on human society.

PPT on the development and utilization of natural resources, part 2: key capabilities and literacy formation

Knowledge points Comprehensive utilization of coal, oil and natural gas

[Key points to clarify doubts]

1. Comparison of chemical "three distillations"

2. Comparison of "two splits" in chemistry

【Think·Discussion】

(1) How to obtain ethylene from petroleum?

Tip: Ethylene is obtained by cracking petroleum and is a product of deep cracking of petroleum.

(2) What are the differences and connections between cracking and pyrolysis?

Tip: Both are chemical changes. The purposes of cracking and cracking are different. The purpose of cracking is mainly to obtain important basic chemical raw materials such as ethylene, propylene, and methane. The purpose of cracking is to increase the production of high-quality, light oils, especially gasoline.

【Case Demonstration】

[Typical example] The picture below shows the device diagram of the laboratory carbonization of coal. Answer the following questions based on the diagram.

(1) Point out the name of the instrument in the picture: b________; d________.

(2)The function of device c is_______________,

The liquids in d are ________ and ________. The important components of coal tar can be separated by ________.

(3) The gas ignited at e is _____, and the color of the flame is ______ color.

(4) Which of the following statements is wrong is ________.

A. Coal has undergone chemical changes

The pH of the liquid in B.d is >7

There is only one layer of liquid in C.d

D. The gas at e can reduce copper oxide and make bromine water fade.

[Problem Solving Guide] You should pay attention to the following two points when answering this question:

(1) The products of coal carbonization include coke, coal tar and furnace gas.

(2) Fractional distillation is a commonly used method for separating organic liquid mixtures.

[Analysis] The carbonization of coal produces coke, coal tar and furnace gas. The furnace gas includes coke oven gas, crude ammonia, etc. After cooling and condensation in device c, the crude ammonia and coal tar become liquid and accumulate in d, then the liquid appears Alkaline; hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane in coke oven gas are reducing and can be used to reduce copper oxide. These gases burn to produce a blue flame; coke oven gas contains ethylene, which can make bromine water fade; coal tar is a liquid mixture of organic matter , should be separated by fractional distillation.

Answer: (1) Rigid glass tube U-shaped tube

(2) Cooling and condensing the gas generated by carbonization, crude ammonia, coal tar fractionation

(3) Coke oven gas blue (4)C

【Migration·Application】

1. Which of the following statements about the processing of fossil fuels is correct ()

A. Petroleum cracking mainly produces ethylene

B. Petroleum fractionation is a chemical change, and gasoline and kerosene can be obtained

C. Coal carbonization mainly produces coke, coal tar, crude ammonia and coke oven gas

D. Coal-to-coal gas is a physical change and an important way to utilize coal efficiently and cleanly.

[Analysis] Choose C. The main purpose of petroleum cracking is to obtain light fuel oils such as gasoline, while the purpose of petroleum cracking is to obtain ethylene, item A is wrong; petroleum fractionation is a physical change, item B is wrong; coal gas production is a chemical change, item D is wrong; coal The purpose of carbonization is to obtain coke, coal tar, crude ammonia and coke oven gas, C is correct.

2. Which of the following statements is wrong ()

A. Petroleum contains C5-C11 alkanes, and gasoline can be obtained through fractionation of petroleum.

B. Gasoline can be obtained by catalytic cracking of heavy oil containing alkanes above C20

C. Coal is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic matter

D. Coal contains benzene and toluene, which can be separated by dry distillation and then fractional distillation.

[Analysis] Choose D. Petroleum can be fractionated to obtain light liquid fuels such as gasoline, kerosene and diesel, but the yield is not high. Cracking methods are usually used to increase gasoline production. Coal is a complex mixture composed of organic matter and a small amount of inorganic matter. It mainly contains carbon elements, and also contains small amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements. It does not contain benzene and toluene. Coal carbonization produces coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, etc. Coal tar is a mixture containing a variety of aromatic compounds and can produce the aromatic compounds benzene and toluene.

【Quality Improvement】

my country's coal resources are relatively abundant, and accelerating the development of "coal-to-liquids" has far-reaching significance for the sustainable development of my country's social economy. The figure below is a typical flow diagram of indirect coal liquefaction.

(1)Write the chemical equation of coal gasification reaction? Think about the significance of coal gasification.

Hint: C+H2O(g) CO+H2. Coal gasification can reduce dust pollution during coal combustion and improve the efficiency of coal combustion. The gasified products can be used in chemical production to increase the comprehensive utilization value of coal.

(2) What is the method for obtaining the corresponding products from petroleum as shown in the figure? Is this method a physical change or a chemical change? Are the various fractionated products obtained pure products?

Tip: The method of obtaining the corresponding products from petroleum in the picture is fractionation, which is a physical change, and the resulting product is a mixture.

(3) Petroleum is cracked in order to obtain more gasoline. Cracked gasoline can cause the bromine carbon tetrachloride solution to fade. What is the reason?

Tip: Cracked gasoline contains olefins, which can undergo an addition reaction with Br2 and can cause the bromine carbon tetrachloride solution to fade.

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Update Time: 2024-11-26

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