"The Process of Exploring the Microscopic World" PPT Courseware on Particles and the Universe

Description

"The Process of Exploring the Microscopic World" PPT Courseware on Particles and the Universe

teaching objectives

Understand the process of human understanding of exploring the microstructure of matter

Understand the discovery process of electrons and the nuclear structure model of atoms

Understand the quark model

Learn about the applications of nanomaterials

1. The spark of thinking

"Just like a green wall is made up of tree trunks, branches and leaves, things in nature are made up of invisible tiny particles - atoms. Atoms cannot disappear, but they cannot be created out of nothing."

——Democritus

2. Towards science

Democritus's atomic theory lacked scientific experimental basis and was not recognized by people for a long time.

It was not until the 17th century that scientists represented by the "fathers of chemistry" Dalton and Boyle revived and established atomic theory through a large number of experiments.

3. Lifting the "veil" of atoms

From the end of the 19th century to the 1930s of the 20th century, in-depth research on electrons and spectra, as well as the discovery of radioactive phenomena, neutrons, and protons, caused major changes in physical concepts, created new theories, and led to the sublimation of people's understanding of atoms and nuclei. .

Thomson's atomic model

Since electrons are negatively charged and atoms are neutral, it is inferred that there are positively charged substances in atoms. So how do these two substances form atoms?

alpha particle scattering experiment

From 1909 to 1911, the British physicist Rutherford and his assistants conducted alpha particle scattering experiments.

nuclear structure of atom

At the center of the atom there is a very small nucleus called the nucleus.

All of the atom's positive charge and almost all of its mass are concentrated in the nucleus. Negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus in the outer space.

Class exercises

1. The nucleus is composed of ______ and _____, of which ________ is positively charged and ________ is uncharged, so the nucleus is ___________.

2. Regarding the discovery or proposal of some microscopic particles, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. Thomson discovered the electron

B. Rutherford used alpha particles to knock protons out of helium nuclei.

C. Chadwick proposed the idea of ​​quarks

D. Gell-Mann discovered the neutron

3. Among the following examples, the special effects of nanomaterials are ( )

A. For decoration, "Nippon" paint was painted on the wall. The paint can be adsorbed on the wall.

B. Use glue to stick two pieces of paper together

C. Ceramics made of nano-ceramic powder are not easily broken and have a certain degree of plasticity.

D. In light rainy weather, down clothing is not easy to get wet by rain.

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"The Process of Exploring the Microscopic World" Particles and the Universe PPT Courseware 4:

"The Process of Exploring the Microscopic World" PPT Courseware on Particles and the Universe 4 Democritus's atomic theory lacked scientific experimental basis and was not recognized by people for a long time. Until the 17th century, Dalton and Boyle, the fathers of chemistry, were Through a large number of experiments, the representative scientists...

"The Process of Exploring the Microscopic World" Particles and the Universe PPT Courseware 3:

"The Process of Exploring the Microscopic World" Particles and the Universe PPT Courseware 3 The Spark of Thinking Just as the green wall is composed of tree trunks and branches and leaves, the objects in nature are composed of invisible tiny particles and atoms. Atoms cannot disappear, but they cannot be created out of nothing. Democritus ..

"The Process of Exploring the Microscopic World" PPT Courseware on Particles and the Universe 2:

"The Process of Exploring the Microworld" Particles and the Universe PPT Courseware 2 Thomson's Atomic Model At the end of the 19th century, Thomson discovered electrons and knew that electrons are components of atoms. Since electrons are negatively charged, atoms are neutral. , so it is inferred that in the atom...

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Update Time: 2024-10-03

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