"The Process of Exploring the Microscopic World" PPT Courseware on Particles and the Universe 2

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"The Process of Exploring the Microscopic World" PPT Courseware on Particles and the Universe 2

Thomson's atomic model

At the end of the 19th century, Thomson discovered electrons and knew that electrons are components of atoms. Since electrons are negatively charged and atoms are neutral, he concluded that there are also positively charged substances in atoms. So these two How do substances form atoms?

In Thomson's atomic model, the atom is a sphere; positively charged nuclei are evenly distributed throughout the sphere, and electrons are embedded in the atom like date stones.

This model was soon refuted by experimental facts

Alpha particle scattering experiment

From 1909 to 1911, the British physicist Rutherford and his assistants conducted alpha particle scattering experiments.

nuclear structure of atom

At the center of the atom there is a very small nucleus called the nucleus.

All of the atom's positive charge and almost all of its mass are concentrated in the nucleus.

Negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus in the outer space.

composition of atomic nucleus

In 1919, Rutherford bombarded the nitrogen nucleus with particles and obtained protons, and then conjectured that there were uncharged neutrons in the nucleus. This conjecture was experimentally confirmed by his student Chadwick and was recognized.

think:

The nucleus is composed of ______ and _____, of which ________ is positively charged and ________ is uncharged, so the nucleus is ___________.

Discuss

Among the following examples, the special effects of nanomaterials are ( )

A. For decoration, "Nippon" paint was painted on the wall. The paint can be adsorbed on the wall.

B. Use glue to stick two pieces of paper together

C. Ceramics made of nano-ceramic powder are not easily broken and have a certain degree of plasticity.

D. In light rainy weather, down clothing is not easy to get wet by rain.

Regarding the discovery or proposal of some microscopic particles, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. Thomson discovered the neutron

B. Rutherford used alpha particles to knock protons out of helium nuclei.

C. Chadwick proposed the idea of ​​quarks

D. Gell-Mann discovered the neutron

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Update Time: 2024-07-11

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