"Energy Crisis and Hope" Particles and Universe PPT Courseware 2

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"Energy Crisis and Hope" Particles and Universe PPT Courseware 2

The power generation principle of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station

The generator rotates under the drive of the water turbine to generate electricity

Raising the water level upstream increases the potential energy of the water

High-level water flows downward quickly, pushing the turbine to rotate.

Electric energy is only one type of energy widely used in human life and production activities. Human life and production activities cannot be separated from the use of energy.

1. Energy Concept

Energy sources that can provide various forms of energy such as heat, light, mechanical energy, and electrical energy are called energy.

The smelting of metals, the operation of machines, and the movement of vehicles such as cars and trains require energy. Energy is also required in daily life such as cooking, heating, and lighting.

The energy utilized in production and life is provided by different energy sources. The extensive utilization of various energy sources has greatly promoted the development of human civilization.

2. The history of human energy utilization

The emergence of the technology of drilling wood to make fire has enabled mankind to realize the transition from using natural fire to using artificial fire. It started an era in which humans relied on firewood as their main energy source.

Firewood is mainly obtained through deforestation. Large-scale deforestation seriously damages the ecological balance of the earth. At the same time, due to the low efficiency of burning firewood to obtain energy, humans still need to develop other energy sources.

The invention of the steam engine allowed humans to successfully convert internal energy obtained from combustion into mechanical energy. A new era has been realized in which mechanical power replaces human and animal power on a large scale. The main energy source of mankind has shifted from firewood to coal with higher calorific value.

Coal, oil, and natural gas were formed from animals and plants buried underground millions of years ago over a long period of geological time, so they are called fossil energy. These three energy sources are the three pillars of primary energy in the world today.

3. Types of energy

1. Energy that can be obtained directly from nature is called primary energy

2. Energy obtained by processing primary energy is called secondary energy

Energy classification:

Biomass energy: Energy provided by living matter.

Fossil energy and nuclear energy will be used less and less and cannot be replenished from nature in a short period of time, so they are non-renewable energy sources.

The kinetic energy of water, wind energy, solar energy, and biomass energy can be continuously obtained in nature, so they are renewable resources.

4. Energy trends in the 21st century

If the world's energy consumption is converted into standard coal with a calorific value of 2.93×107 J/kg, it was 2.6 billion tons in 1950, more than 11 billion tons in 1987, close to 14 billion tons in 2003, and reached 16 billion tons.

Fossil energy: The coal, oil, and natural gas we use today were formed from animals and plants buried underground millions of years ago over a long geological period, so they are called fossil energy. Fossil energy is the main energy source required by modern human civilization. Since it is a non-renewable resource, it will eventually be used up.

Moreover, accidental damage to the environment during the mining of fossil energy is also very serious. Therefore, developing new energy sources and making better use of known energy sources are important issues on a global scale.

Principles of nuclear power generation

1. The nuclear reactor is surrounded by a thick concrete cover to absorb radiation.

2. Water circulates in the center of the nuclear reactor, absorbs the heat generated in the nuclear reaction, and transfers this internal energy to the water in the steam generator

3. Water that has absorbed heat vaporizes into steam

4. The steam drives the generator to operate, converting the mechanical energy of the steam into electrical energy.

How is the "greenhouse effect" formed and what are the dangers?

Answer: The "greenhouse effect" occurs because the carbon dioxide produced when oil and coal are burned increases the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Its harms include rising ground temperatures, melting ice and snow at the poles, rising sea levels submerging coastal cities, backflow of seawater into rivers, and salinization of cultivated land.

In-person evaluation

1. Any material resource that can provide _______ can be called energy. Our common coal, oil, and natural gas are called __________.

2. ______________ are collectively called primary energy, such as: ________, ________; ______________ ___________ are called secondary energy, such as _______, _______.

3. The energy provided by living matter is called biomass, which is as energy as firewood. People use the ________ energy stored in it.

4. Among the following energy sources, the one that belongs to fossil energy is ()

A． Solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy

B． Coal, oil, natural gas

C. Nuclear energy, biomass energy, hydro energy

D. Electric energy, gasoline, diesel

Classify and explore

One type: Classification of energy

Shale gas is natural gas extracted from shale formations and is a clean and efficient energy resource. According to estimates, by 2020, my country's annual output is expected to reach more than 100 billion cubic meters, changing the development pattern of my country's oil and gas resources and making shale gas an important pillar of my country's energy. Which of the following statements about shale gas is correct ( )

A． Shale gas can be renewable after development and utilization

B． Shale gas is a secondary energy source

C. Shale gas is a representative of new energy

D. Shale gas is a fossil energy

[Analysis] Shale gas is a fossil energy, a primary energy that can be obtained directly from nature, and cannot be replenished from nature in a short period of time. The representative of new energy is nuclear energy. So choose D.

[Impressions] Know that energy is divided into different types according to different classification methods, as well as the characteristics of each type of energy.

Type 2: Energy consumption status of the world and my country

Human life, production and learning are all inseparable from the consumption of energy. Due to the rapid increase in the world's population and the continuous development of the economy, energy consumption has attracted global attention. The picture below shows the human energy consumption chart. Try to write a sentence obtained from the picture. Information_____.

Please write down a measure or suggestion for energy saving in real life.

[Analysis] It can be seen from the figure that human energy consumption has gradually increased over time, and accelerated significantly after entering the 19th century. In real life, energy-saving measures can be mainly considered from the perspective of reducing the consumption of fossil energy and vigorously developing and utilizing new energy sources.

[Impression] When reading the picture, pay attention to distinguish the content represented by the vertical coordinate, so that you can easily draw the correct conclusion. Only by rationally utilizing fossil energy and vigorously developing new energy sources can we more effectively control the impact of the energy crisis on mankind.

Class summary

1. Energy is used to provide energy in people's production and life.

2. The energy used by mankind in history has gradually changed from the sun, firewood, etc. to fossil energy such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

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"Energy Crisis and Hope" Particles and Universe PPT courseware:

"Energy Crisis and Hope" Particles and Universe PPT Courseware Teaching Objectives 1. Understand through examples that energy can be transferred from one object to another, and that different forms of energy can be converted into each other. 2. Have a preliminary understanding of the history of human discovery, development, and utilization of energy, and be able to...

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Update Time: 2024-07-08

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