"Using Frequency to Estimate Probability" Probability Preliminary PPT Courseware 5

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"Using Frequency to Estimate Probability" Probability Preliminary PPT Courseware 5

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1. Definition of probability, classification of events

2. Probability formula of equally likely events: P(A)=m/n

3. Find the conditions for the probability of equally possible events:

(1) All possible outcomes are finite;

(2) Each outcome is equally likely.

Listed methods:

(1) Direct enumeration method: the outcome of the event is obvious and less likely;

(2) "List" method: The event results are more complex and have more possibilities;

(3) "Tree diagram" method: The event results are more complex and there are many steps.

The relationship between frequency and probability

Difference: 1. Frequency reflects how frequently an event occurs; probability reflects the likelihood of an event occurring.

2 Frequency is the result of n tests that cannot be separated from the specific results and is random; probability is a theoretical value that is deterministic and does not depend on the number of tests.

Connection: Frequency is an approximation of probability, and probability is a stable value of frequency.

Basic steps for estimating probabilities using frequencies:

1. Lots of repeated tests

2. Check whether the frequency has shown stability

3. The stable value of frequency is the probability

summary:

1. There are two ways to obtain probability: _________ and _________.

2. The event probability in this lesson cannot be solved by theoretical calculation. It can only be estimated through probability experiments and using _________.

This lesson mainly focuses on using frequency to estimate probability. Remember: as long as the number of trials is large enough, frequency can be used as an estimate of probability.

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Update Time: 2024-07-27

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