"Statistical Survey" data collection, arrangement and description PPT courseware 6

Description

"Statistical Survey" data collection, arrangement and description PPT courseware 6

formulate concepts

1. Sampling survey: Collect data by surveying some objects, and estimate the overall situation based on the parts, which is called sampling survey.

2. Overall: The entirety of the objects to be examined is called the overall.

3. Individual: Each object of investigation in the population is called an individual

4. Sample: A part of individuals extracted from the population is called a sample of the population.

5. Sample size: the number of individuals in the sample.

In order for the sample to better reflect the overall situation, in addition to having an appropriate sample size, it is also necessary to try to ensure that each individual has an equal chance of being drawn when drawing.

induction:

In the process of selecting samples above, every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. A sampling method like this is called simple random sampling.

Deepen concepts

Sampling survey is a method that only selects a part of the subjects for investigation, and then infers the situation of all subjects based on the sample data.

Note: The samples taken in the sample survey must be representative.

As in the above example, if during the sample extraction process, every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected, this sampling method is called simple random sampling.

Sampling survey is a survey method often used in practice. If the sample is properly drawn, it can reflect the overall situation well. Otherwise, the results of the sample survey will deviate from the overall situation.

compare concepts

A comprehensive survey collects data through an overall survey, so the survey results obtained are more accurate; but it may require dozens of times or even more manpower, material resources and time to be invested.

Sampling surveys collect data by surveying samples, so there may be some errors between the survey results and the overall results, but they are low investment and easy to operate, and sometimes they can only be investigated by sampling, such as studying the damage of a batch of artillery shells. radius, it is impossible to launch all the cannonballs, so a reasonable sampling survey is a good choice.

Use concepts

(1) When the number of survey objects is small and the survey is easy to conduct, we generally use a comprehensive survey.

(2) When the results of the investigation are destructive to the object of investigation, or will cause certain harm, we usually conduct the investigation by sampling.

(3) When the number of survey objects is large and the survey is difficult to conduct, we often use sampling surveys to conduct surveys.

(4) When there are special requirements for the survey results, or when the survey results have special significance, such as the national census, we must still use a comprehensive survey.

For the following questions, should we conduct a comprehensive survey or a sample survey?

(1) To investigate whether a certain food additive on the market meets national standards; sample survey

(2) Testing the air quality of a certain city; sampling survey

(3) Survey the income of all families in a village; comprehensive survey

(4) Investigate people’s awareness of environmental protection; sample survey

(5) Investigate the opinions of students in a class on establishing a class English corner; comprehensive investigation

(6) Investigate people’s enthusiasm for movies shown in cinemas. sample survey

experience

1. It is advisable to conduct a comprehensive investigation

①. When the number of individuals in the population is small and the research question requires real conditions and high accuracy.

②. Investigation work is more convenient and non-destructive

③. When there are special requirements for the survey results, or when the survey results have special significance, such as the national census, we still have to proceed in the following manner.

2. Sampling surveys should be used

①. There are a large number of individuals in the population, and the workload of a comprehensive investigation is large. Due to limitations of objective conditions, it is impossible to investigate all individuals.

②. When the investigation is destructive, the method is better.

Note: The samples taken in the sample survey must be representative.

Speak freely!

Can you talk about what you learned from this class?

1. Can you give an example of a sample survey and tell what the population and sample are?

2. What are the benefits of using sample surveys to conduct surveys?

Benefits: Save manpower and material resources for investigation,

Disadvantages: There may be errors from actual results.

3. Use the characteristics of the sample to estimate the characteristics of the population.

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Update Time: 2024-07-04

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