"Genes are usually DNA fragments with genetic effects" The essence of genes PPT

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"Genes are usually DNA fragments with genetic effects" The essence of genes PPT

Part One: Curriculum Standard Requirements

1. Give an example. Genes are usually DNA segments that have genetic effects.

2. Name the diversity and specificity of DNA molecules.

Literacy requirements

1. Concept of life: through examples, understand life phenomena and reveal the laws of life.

2. Scientific thinking: Compare and summarize the relationship between genes, DNA and chromosomes.

Genes are usually DNA fragments with genetic effects PPT, part 2: text analysis

1. Examples illustrating the relationship between genes and DNA

Basic review · Consolidate the foundation of teaching materials

Read the textbook "Think and Discuss" to explain the relationship between genes and DNA

Judgment of right and wrong · Correction is easy to be confused and easy to make mistakes

(1) Genes are usually segments of DNA ()

(2) Genes are usually specific sequences of bases on DNA that have certain functions ()

(3) Genes and DNA are the same concept ()

Deepen exploration and solve problems

Please answer the following questions based on the picture:

1.What is the quantitative relationship between D, E, F and H?

Tip: Each H (chromosome) has 1 or 2 F (DNA) molecules; each F (DNA) molecule has many E (genes); each E (gene) contains many D (deoxynucleosides) acid).

2. In eukaryotes, is H the only carrier of F?

Tip: No, chromosomes are the main carriers of DNA, and chloroplasts and mitochondria are also carriers of DNA.

2. Genetic information in DNA fragments

Basic review · Consolidate the foundation of teaching materials

1. Genetic information

Genetic information refers to the sequence of deoxynucleotides in a gene. The deoxynucleotides of different genes are arranged in different orders and contain different genetic information.

2. Diversity and specificity of DNA molecules

(1) Diversity: There are _____ types of bases in DNA molecules, but the _____ of base pairs can be in the thousands, and the __________ of the base pairs formed can also be ever-changing. If a certain A DNA molecule has n base pairs, so there are _____ combinations of DNA molecules, which constitutes the diversity of DNA molecules.

(2) Specificity: Each specific DNA molecule has a specific __________ sequence, that is, the specificity of the DNA molecule.

3. The relationship between biological diversity and specificity and DNA

The diversity and specificity of DNA are the __________ of the diversity and specificity of organisms.

In conclusion

Illustration of the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, genes and deoxynucleotides

Note: The genetic material of some viruses is RNA. For such viruses, the genes are RNA fragments with genetic effects.

Judgment of right and wrong · Correction is easy to be confused and easy to make mistakes

(1) The fundamental difference between gene A and gene B is the different types of deoxynucleotides contained in these two genes ()

(2) Genetic information refers to the sequence of bases in DNA ()

(3) The reason for the diversity of genes is that the types, numbers and arrangements of the bases that make up the genes are different ()

Deepen exploration and solve problems

1. Assuming that a deoxynucleotide sequence with a length of 17 base pairs forms a gene, approximately how many genes can be arranged from these 17 base pairs? What does this say about genes?

Tip: 417 species; illustrates genetic diversity.

2. Assuming that the first gene on chromosome 1 of the human genome is composed of 17 base pairs randomly arranged, then what is the probability that the deoxynucleotide sequence of this gene is exactly the same between you and your deskmate? What does this indicate about genes?

Tip: 1/(417×417), the probability is very small; indicating the specificity of the gene.

Genes are usually DNA fragments with genetic effects PPT, Part 3: Practice knowledge implementation in class

1. The correct description of a gene is

① A gene is usually a specific segment of a DNA molecule. ② Its molecular structure was first discovered by Morgan. ③ It determines a certain genetic trait or function. ④ Its chemical structure does not change.

A.①and② B.①and③ C.③and④ D.①and④

2. Which of the following are genes?

A. DNA fragments that control antibody synthesis

B. The four deoxynucleotides that make up DNA and their sequences

C. Main chemical components that make up chromosomes

D. A DNA molecule containing the genetic information encoding amylase

3. "DNA fingerprint technology" plays a huge role in criminal detection, paternity testing, etc. This is mainly based on the characteristics of DNA.

A. Stability B. Specificity C. Diversity D. Variability

4. The picture is a schematic diagram of the white eye gene (S) on a certain chromosome of Drosophila. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The white-eye gene fragment contains hundreds or thousands of ribonucleotides

The B.S gene is a DNA fragment with genetic effects

C. The white-eye gene is in the nucleus and does not follow the rules of inheritance.

D. There are 5 bases and 8 nucleotides in the gene fragment

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Update Time: 2024-10-03

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