"Dynamic Balance of Materials in the Body" PPT (Second Lesson)

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"Dynamic Balance of Materials in the Body" PPT (Second Lesson)

Part One: Review the past and learn the new

Discharge of urine: kidney → ureter → bladder → urethra

meaning of urination

①Remove waste.

②Regulate the balance of water and inorganic salts and maintain the normal physiological functions of tissue cells.

When a person's kidney function has certain obstacles and cannot excrete metabolic waste such as urea dissolved in water in a timely manner, the human body will be poisoned or even die.

For patients with severe renal dysfunction, modern medicine mostly uses artificial kidneys and kidney transplants to maintain life.

Dynamic balance of substances in the body PPT, part 2 content: learning objectives

1. Explain the importance of maintaining water and salt balance in the human body;

2. Outline the meaning of metabolism.

Dynamic balance of substances in the body PPT, part 3: water and salt balance

1. How is the water balance in the human body maintained?

Kidneys (form the appropriate amount of urine based on the amount of water in the body)

2. How does the human body obtain water?

(1) Food (2) Drinking water (3) Water produced by metabolism

3. How can water in the human body be excreted from the body?

(1) Urinary system discharges urine

(2) The skin discharges sweat

(3) The respiratory system discharges a small amount of water

Dynamic balance of substances in the body PPT, part 4: diversity of metabolism

1. What is metabolism?

2. Biological energy metabolism

3. Method of assimilation

(1) Autotrophy: Various plants can directly produce inorganic matter into organic matter through photosynthesis and store energy. This nutritional method is called autotrophy.

(2) Heterotrophy: Humans and animals need to obtain nutrition by ingesting ready-made organic matter. They cannot directly synthesize inorganic matter into organic matter. This method of nutrition is called heterotrophy.

Among organisms that live heterotrophically:

①Humans and most animals obtain nutrients by preying;

② Yeast, edible fungi and lactic acid bacteria can obtain nutrients from dead and decaying organisms, which are saprophytes;

③Ascaris, viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis live in or on the body of another organism and obtain nutrients from its body. Such organisms are parasitic organisms.

The meaning of metabolism

Metabolism is the basic condition for humans and organisms to maintain life activities and is the basic characteristic of life.

Characteristics such as growth, development, reproduction, inheritance, and variation displayed by humans and organisms are all based on metabolism.

Dynamic balance of substances in the body PPT, Part 5: Class feedback

1. Which of the following statements about metabolism is incorrect ( )

A. Metabolism is the transformation process of matter and energy in the body

B. Metabolism includes two aspects: assimilation and dissimilation.

C. Assimilation comes first, dissimilation comes last

D. Assimilation and alienation are contradictory yet connected processes.

2. Which of the following statements about metabolism is incorrect ( )

A. Metabolism is the basic condition for the survival of all living things.

B. The process of metabolism is the process of self-renewal of organisms.

C. The metabolic process includes material changes and energy changes

D. Metabolism includes two completely opposing processes: assimilation and dissimilation.

3. A person who has been ill for a long time and gradually loses weight. His metabolism is characterized by ( ) dominance.

4. Under normal conditions, the relationship between assimilation and dissimilation in old age is ( )

A Assimilation is greater than dissimilation

B Assimilation is less than dissimilation

C Assimilation and dissimilation tend to be balanced

D Unable to determine

Living organisms must constantly exchange matter and energy with the external environment, and at the same time, matter and energy are constantly transformed within the organism. This process is called metabolism.

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Update Time: 2024-06-29

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