"End of Chapter Review" Research on Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion PPT

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"End of Chapter Review" Research on Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion PPT

Content of the first part: Consolidation layer knowledge integration

[Core Speed ​​Fill]

1. Laws of uniformly accelerated linear motion

(1) Speed ​​formula: _________.

(2) Displacement formula: _________.

(3) Velocity-displacement relationship: _________.

2. Two important corollaries of uniformly accelerated linear motion

(1) Average speed formula: v- = vt2 = v0 + vt2.

(2) The difference between the displacements of any two consecutive equal time intervals T is a constant, namely _________.

3. Free fall

(1) Properties of motion: initial velocity v0=0, acceleration is the acceleration of gravity g, _________ motion.

(2) Movement patterns

①Speed ​​formula: vt＝_________.

②Displacement formula: h = _________.

③Velocity-displacement relationship: v2t＝_________.

Part 2: Improving Capabilities

Application of the law of uniformly accelerated linear motion

To solve the problem of uniformly accelerated linear motion, the commonly used methods are summarized as follows:

Common methods, rules and characteristics

General formula method The general formula method refers to the velocity formula, displacement formula and velocity displacement relationship formula. They are all vector formulas, so pay attention to the direction when using them. Generally, the direction of v0 is the positive direction, and the others that are the same as the positive direction are positive, and those that are opposite to the positive direction are negative.

Average velocity method: The definition v=st is applicable to any kind of motion, while v=12(v0+vt) is only applicable to uniformly accelerated linear motion.

[One word to clear the customs]

Optimization method for uniformly accelerated linear motion formula

(1) Understand the characteristics and application scenarios of each uniformly accelerated linear motion formula.

(2) Carefully analyze the known conditions (present them in written form if necessary), see which formula matches the known conditions, and then choose to use it.

(3) For uniformly accelerated linear motion problems that cannot be solved directly with a single formula, it is necessary to consider the combination of formulas from multiple angles and select the best combination to solve the problem.

Targeted training

1. An object doing uniformly accelerated linear motion passes through two points A and B with a distance s between them. Their velocities are v and 7v respectively. The time it takes to move from A to B is t. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. The speed through the midpoint of AB is 4v

B. The speed at the middle of AB is 4v

C. The time required to pass the front s2 displacement is twice the time required to pass the rear s2 displacement

D. The displacement before t2 time is 1.5vt less than the displacement after t2 time.

2. (Multiple choice) A car is driving along a straight road. There is a row of electric poles parallel to the road. The distance between adjacent electric poles is 50 m. The time when the car passes a certain electric pole is taken as time zero. This electric pole is taken as the first electric pole. The speed of the car at this time is v0 = 5 m/s. Assuming that the car moves in a uniformly accelerated linear motion, the car just passes the third electric pole at the end of 10 s. Which of the following statements is correct? ()

A. The acceleration of the car is 1 m/s2

B. The car continues to drive, and its instantaneous speed when it passes the seventh pole is 25 m/s

C. The time it takes for the car to move between the 3rd to 7th poles is 20 s.

D. The average speed of the car moving between the 3rd to 7th poles is 20 m/s

Comparison between st image and vt image

[Example 2] In the displacement (s)-time (t) graph and velocity (v)-time (t) graph shown in the figure, the four curves 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the motion of four different objects. Regarding their physical meanings, the correct description is ()

A. Line 1 shows that the object moves in a curve

B. In the st image, v1>v2 at time t1

C. In the vt graph, the average velocities of 3 and 4 are equal from 0 to t3.

D. In the two images, the time t2 and t4 respectively indicate that 2 and 4 start to move in the opposite direction.

[One word to clear the customs]

Application skills of moving images

(1) Confirm which image it is, vt image or st image.

(2) Understand and memorize the five corresponding relationships.

①The slope corresponds to acceleration or speed;

②The longitudinal intercept corresponds to the initial velocity or initial position;

③The horizontal intercept corresponds to the moment when the velocity or displacement is zero;

④ The corresponding speed or position of the intersection point is the same;

⑤The inflection point corresponds to a change in the motion state.

Chasing and meeting problems

When two objects move in the same straight line, it often involves problems of overtaking, meeting or avoiding collision. The key condition for answering such problems is: can the two objects reach a certain position in space at the same time?

1. How to solve the problems of pursuit and encounter.

(1) Physical analysis method: By analyzing the physical situation and physical process, find the critical state and critical conditions, and then list equations to solve. Pay special attention to "one condition and two relationships". "One condition" is the critical condition satisfied when the speed is equal, and "two relationships" refers to the time relationship and displacement relationship.

(2) Mathematical analysis method: The displacement relationship of uniformly accelerated linear motion is a quadratic equation about time. The critical state can be determined by using the method of finding the extreme value of the quadratic function.

(3) Graphical method: Solve with the help of vt image analysis.

2. The basic idea is:

(1) Study the two objects separately.

(2) Draw a schematic diagram of the movement process.

(3) List the displacement equation.

(4) Find out the relationship among time, speed and displacement.

(5) Solve the results and discuss if necessary.

[One word to clear the customs]

The key to solving the problem is to find the equivalent relationship between motion time, displacement and speed.

7. A police car on duty stopped at the side of the road. When the police officer found that the truck passing by him at a constant speed of 10 m/s was seriously overloaded, he decided to chase it. After 5.5 seconds, the police car started and made a uniform acceleration at an acceleration of 2.5 m/s2, but the speed of the police car must be controlled within 90 km/h. Question:

(1) When the police car is chasing the truck, what is the maximum distance between the two vehicles?

(2) Determine whether the police car can catch up with the truck during the acceleration phase? (Required to explain through calculation)

(3) How long does it take for the police car to catch up with the truck after it starts moving?

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Update Time: 2024-09-29

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