"Scale of Objects and Their Measurement" Scale, Mass and Density of the Material World PPT Courseware 2

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"Scale of Objects and Their Measurement" Scale, Mass and Density of the Material World PPT Courseware 2

The altitude of Mount Everest is approximately 8848 m

The Yangtze River in my country is approximately 6,400 km long

The diameter of a small object that can be distinguished by the human eye is approximately 10_4 m

The diameter of a benzene molecule is approximately 10_10 m

Andromeda is 160,000 light-years in diameter

The radius of the earth is 6400 km

Measurement of length (L):

(1) Unit of length

International unit: meter (m)

Commonly used units: kilometers (km) decimeter (dm)

Centimeter (cm) Millimeter (mm)

Micrometer (μm) Nanometer (nm)

Unit conversion:

1km=___m 1dm=___m

1cm=___m 1mm=___m

1μm=___m 1nm=___m

Use the scale correctly

The first step is to recognize: recognize the units of the scale, the position of the zero scale line, the measuring range, and the graduation value.

The second step is to place: the "0" engraved line (or the whole engraved line) of the scale should be aligned with one end of the object being measured, and the engraved line of the scale should be close to the object being measured. The ruler should be placed straight and not skewed.

The third step is to see: the line of sight is perpendicular to the surface of the scale

Step 4: Recording: The recorded measurement results should consist of exact values, estimated values ​​and units.

Practice using a scale

The length of the object is recorded as: 4.14 cm

The length of the object is recorded as: 4.20 cm

The length of the object is recorded as: 4.00 cm

The length of the object is recorded as: 3.38 cm

Error

Error: is the difference between a measured value and the true value.

Causes of errors: measuring people, measuring tools and measuring methods

Methods to reduce errors: average multiple measurements, use precise measurement tools, and improve measurement methods.

The difference between error and error: Error can only be reduced, it is inevitable.

Errors are caused by failure to follow the rules for using measuring instruments or carelessness in reading and recording. Mistakes can be avoided.

Measurement of volume (v):

1. Unit of volume

International unit: meter 3 (m3)

Commonly used units: decimeter 3 (dm3) centimeter 3 (cm3)

Liter (L) Milliliter (mL)

Unit conversion:

1L＝dm3＝m3

1mL＝cm3＝m3

1L＝mL

2. Measurement of volume

(1) Volume of a regular-shaped solid - volume formula

(2) Volume of liquid - using a measuring cylinder (cup)

(1) See its range and graduation value clearly.

(2) When measuring the volume of liquid, the measuring cylinder should be placed on a horizontal table.

(3) When reading, the line of sight should be level with the bottom of the concave liquid surface and the top of the convex liquid surface.

summary

1. Geometric scale of the material world:

2. Measurement of length:

1. Unit of length

(1) International units Commonly used units

(2) Unit conversion

2. A common tool for measuring length - scale (first recognition, second release, third look and fourth note)

3. Error:

4. Measurement of volume:

1. Unit of volume

(1) International units Commonly used units

(2) Unit conversion

2. Measurement of volume (1) (2) (3)

Class exercises:

1.Which method of use is correct?

2. As shown in Figure 1, use two rulers A and B to measure the length of the same object. Then the length of the object measured by ruler A is _____cm.

The length of the object measured by ruler B is _____cm.

3. Please fill in the appropriate units for the following data:

The mass of Niu Fei is about 48.5_____;

The mass of a pin is approximately 80_____;

The length of the eighth-grade junior high school physics textbook is about 2.6_____, and the thickness of each sheet of paper is about 0.1_____.

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Update Time: 2024-07-04

This template belongs to Physics courseware Beijing Normal University eighth grade physics volume one industry PPT template

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