"Relativistic Space-Time View and Limitations of Newtonian Mechanics" Gravity and Space Navigation PPT Courseware

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"Relativistic Space-Time View and Limitations of Newtonian Mechanics" Gravity and Space Navigation PPT Courseware

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. Relativistic view of time and space

【think】

An airplane flies over the Yangpu Bridge in Shanghai at a constant speed. The flight direction of the airplane is parallel to the bridge. Ask the passengers on the airplane what changes in the length of the bridge they see compared with when observing it stationary?

Hint: It got shorter.

1. Einstein’s two assumptions:

(1) In different inertial reference systems, the forms of physical laws are _____;

(2) The speed of light in vacuum is _____ in different reference systems.

2. Time delay effect:

If a person on the inertial reference frame equivalent to the ground moving with v observes the time interval during which the object moving with it completes a certain action is Δτ, the time interval during which a person on the ground observes the object completing this action at the same place is Δt , then Δt=____________.

3. Length shrinkage effect:

If a person who is stationary relative to the rod measures the length of the rod to be l0, and a person who moves relative to the rod at v along the direction of the rod measures the length of the rod to be l, then l = _________. Since 1-( )2<1, there is always l

2. Achievements and limitations of Newtonian mechanics

【think】

Can the motion of electrons in atoms be studied according to Newton's laws of motion?

Tip: No.

1. The achievements of Newtonian mechanics: From the movement of objects on the ground to the movement of celestial bodies, they all obey the laws of _________.

2. Limitations of Newtonian mechanics:

(1) Microscopic world: Microscopic particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons are found not only to have particle properties, but also to have wave properties. Their laws of motion cannot be explained by Newtonian mechanics in many cases.

(2) Newtonian mechanics is only applicable to _____ motion, not _____ motion.

PPT on the limitations of relativistic space-time view and Newtonian mechanics, part 2: key abilities and literacy formation

length shrinkage effect

1. When the speed of an object is low, the relativistic length is approximately equal to the rest length.

2. When the speed of an object is high, its relativistic length l=______.

[Typical example demonstration]

There is a rocket passing over a 100 km long railway on the ground at a speed of 30 km/s in the direction of the railway. What should the length of the railway be seen by the people on the rocket? If the speed of the rocket reaches 0.6c, then the people on the rocket What is the length of the railway you see?

[Analysis] When the rocket speed is low, the people on the rocket see the length of the railway

The speed remains basically unchanged, still 100 km.

When the speed of the rocket reaches 0.6c, according to the relativistic length formula l=

Substitute the corresponding data to get:

l=100× km=80 km.

Answer:100 km　80 km

[Extended example questions] Test content: Understanding of the principle of constant speed of light

[Typical Example] Scientists predict that in the distant future, spacecraft driven by ion propulsion engines are likely to be used for space navigation. Such spacecraft can fly at close to the speed of light. Imagine turning on a light source on a spacecraft flying at 0.9c, then the following statement is correct ()

A. The observer directly in front of the spacecraft sees the speed of light as 1.9c

B. The speed of light seen by an observer directly behind the spacecraft is 0.1c

C. The speed of light seen by an observer in the direction perpendicular to the forward direction of the spacecraft is

D. The speed of light seen by an observer anywhere is c

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"Relativistic Space-Time View and Limitations of Newtonian Mechanics" Gravity and Space Navigation PPT high-quality courseware:

"Relativistic Space-Time View and Limitations of Newtonian Mechanics" Gravity and Space Navigation PPT High-quality Courseware Part One Content: Core Literacy Objectives Physical Concepts Know Einstein's two postulates, understand the time delay effect, length contraction effect, and understand Newtonian mechanics. .

"Relativistic Space-Time View and Limitations of Newtonian Mechanics" Gravity and Space Navigation PPT Excellent Courseware:

"Relativistic Space-Time View and Limitations of Newtonian Mechanics" Gravity and Space Navigation PPT Excellent Courseware Part One Content: Learning Objectives 1. Understand the relativistic space-time view, know the time delay effect and length contraction effect. 2. Understand the achievements and scope of application of Newtonian mechanics ..

"Relativistic Space-Time View and Limitations of Newtonian Mechanics" Gravity and Space Navigation PPT:

"Relativistic Space-Time View and Limitations of Newtonian Mechanics" Gravity and Space Navigation PPT Part One Content: Learning Objectives 1. Know the scope of application of Newton's laws of motion. 2. Understand the wide application of classical mechanics in scientific research and production technology. 3. Know the quality...

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Update Time: 2024-09-30

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