"Internal Energy" Mechanical energy, internal energy and their transformation PPT courseware 4

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"Internal Energy" Mechanical energy, internal energy and their transformation PPT courseware 4

Pre-class presentation:

1. An object can do work on the outside. This object has _____. The more ________ an object has, the greater the energy of the object.

2. The energy an object possesses due to ______ is called kinetic energy.

Factors that determine the amount of kinetic energy: _____ and _____ of an object.

3. The energy an object has due to ______ is called gravitational potential energy.

Factors that determine the amount of gravitational potential energy: _____ and _________ of an object.

4. The energy an object possesses due to ______ is called elastic potential energy.

Factors that determine the magnitude of elastic potential energy: ____________.

5. The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy is called ________.

6. Birds with the same mass fly at different heights at the same speed, then their kinetic energy ______ and potential energy ______. (Fill in "equal" or "unequal")

Composition of matter:

Matter is made up of a large number of molecules.

Molecules are so small that they can be seen with the naked eye

One drop of water contains 1021 molecules, which shows that the molecules are very small, and also proves that matter is composed of a large number of molecules.

1. Diffusion phenomenon

1. Diffusion phenomenon: Two different substances can spontaneously enter each other.

2. Explanation of diffusion phenomenon:

Molecules are constantly moving randomly;

There are gaps between molecules.

1. Phenomenon: Fast diffusion in hot water (fast discoloration in hot water)

2. Conclusion: The higher the temperature, the more violent the irregular motion of molecules.

3. The movement of molecules is related to the temperature of the object. This movement is also called thermal movement of molecules.

practise

The following examples in social practice cannot be used to illustrate that "molecules are constantly moving irregularly" ( )

A. Sprinkling water on the ground will dry out. B. Adding some salt when cooking will make the vegetables taste salty.

C When sweeping the floor, dust flies up. D Opening the toilet water fills the house with fragrance.

Regarding the phenomenon of diffusion, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A Diffusion can only occur in gases and liquids

B The phenomenon of diffusion shows that the molecules are very small.

C The phenomenon of diffusion allows people to directly see the movement of molecules

D Diffusion phenomenon shows that molecules are constantly moving irregularly

2. Molecular kinetic theory

1. Matter is composed of molecules.

2. Molecules are constantly moving irregularly.

3. There are interactions between molecules.

Quick answer

1. Is 1 liter of alcohol mixed with 1 liter of water 2 liters? Why?

2. What is the phenomenon of "August Osmanthus Fragrance"? What does it mean?

1. Water is difficult to compress because ( )

A． There are no spaces between water molecules B. There is attraction between water molecules

C． There is repulsion between water molecules D. Water molecules are constantly moving

2. As shown in Figure D10-1, the upper bottle contains air and the lower bottle contains reddish-brown nitrogen dioxide gas. After the glass plate between the upper and lower bottles is removed, the gases in the two bottles are mixed together and the color becomes uniform. This Description of the phenomenon（  ）

A． Matter is made up of molecules

B. Molecules are constantly moving in an irregular manner

C． There are forces between molecules

D． Molecules have a certain mass

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Update Time: 2024-09-29

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