"Nuclear Energy" Energy and Sustainable Development PPT

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"Nuclear Energy" Energy and Sustainable Development PPT

Part One Content: Basic Knowledge Key Points

Knowledge point 1 Nuclear energy

1. Regarding atoms, nuclei and nuclear energy, which of the following statements is correct (D)

A. Atoms are composed of protons and electrons

B. Atomic nuclei can only release nuclear energy when they aggregate

C. Nuclear energy can only be released when the nucleus splits

D. Nuclear energy is a primary energy source

2. Regarding atomic nuclei and nuclear energy, which of the following statements is correct (C)

A. Nuclear energy is a renewable energy source

B. Neutrons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged.

C. Nuclear power may release nuclear energy when doing work

D. Nuclear reactors can directly convert nuclear energy into electrical energy

Knowledge Point 2 Fission

3. From 1934 to 1938, scientists used neutrons to bombard relatively large atomic nuclei, causing them to undergo fission and turn into two medium-sized nuclei, while releasing huge amounts of energy.

4. Among atoms, nuclei, electrons, neutrons, and protons, the negatively charged ones are electrons. A nuclear reactor is a device that releases nuclear energy through a controlled fission (optional "fission" or "fusion") reaction.

Knowledge point 3 Fusion

5. In January 2015, Academician Yu Min, my country's famous nuclear physicist and "father of the hydrogen bomb", won the 2014 National Highest Science and Technology Award. The hydrogen bomb uses the energy released by hydrogen nuclei at the moment of fusion.

6. Seawater contains abundant deuterons that can achieve fusion. Scientists predict that the use of nuclear energy through controlled fusion is expected to completely solve human energy problems.

Nuclear energy PPT, part 2: comprehensive capability improvement

7. Which of the following is a chain reaction (A)

A. Atomic bomb explosion B. Hydrogen bomb explosion

C. Burning of magnesium strips D. Nuclear fusion occurring inside the sun

8. The picture shows the power generation flow chart of Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant. In the power generation process of nuclear power plants, the acquisition methods and energy conversion sequence of nuclear energy are (C)

A. Fusion; nuclear energy → internal energy → chemical energy → electrical energy

B. Fusion; nuclear energy → internal energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy

C. Fission; nuclear energy → internal energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy

D. Fission; nuclear energy → internal energy → chemical energy → electrical energy

9. Which of the following statements is correct (C)

A. People made the atomic bomb, thus realizing the artificial control of the speed of the chain reaction and the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

B. Heavy nuclei release energy when they fission, while light nuclei absorb energy when they fuse.

C. The fusion of light nuclei must be carried out at very high temperatures.

D. The hydrogen bomb is made using light nuclear fusion, so it is less powerful than the atomic bomb

10. The main problem currently plaguing the development of nuclear power plants is (B)

A.Shortage of nuclear fuel

B. Lack of good strategies for nuclear waste disposal

C. The technology is not in place

D. The cost is too high

Nuclear Energy PPT, Part 3: Expansion, Research and Breakthroughs

11. Read the passage and answer the questions:

Utilization of Nuclear Energy

Today, when conventional fossil energy is in short supply, nuclear energy has received great attention. Today, 21% of U.S. electricity demand comes from nuclear power. The general composition of a nuclear power plant is as shown in the figure. The nuclear fuel reacts in the atomic reactor to produce a large amount of heat energy. The coolant brings this heat energy to the heat exchanger to turn water into water vapor. The water vapor drives the steam turbine to drive the generator to generate electricity, and finally achieves conversion of nuclear energy into electrical energy.

Please fill in the appropriate content in the spaces below:

(1) From the perspective of energy conversion and transfer, the heat exchanger that does not undergo energy conversion in atomic reactors, heat exchangers, and steam turbines;

(2) When the generator generates electricity, the coil rotates in the magnetic field to generate current. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction in physics;

(3) If a nuclear power plant requires 50 tons of nuclear fuel every year, and a thermal power plant of the same size requires 6×106 t of coal every year, then the heat released by the complete combustion of 6×106 t of coal is 1.8×1017 J (the calorific value of coal is 3×107 J/kg );

(4) Nuclear waste from nuclear power plants is radioactive (or radioactive) and will cause considerable harm to the environment. Therefore, how to develop new energy while paying attention to environmental protection has become a major issue facing mankind.

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Update Time: 2024-07-04

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