"New Culture Movement" Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening PPT courseware

Description

"New Culture Movement" Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening PPT courseware

New course introduction

In the early 20th century, on the platform of Peking University, there were progressive people in suits and ties who had returned from overseas and vigorously promoted new ideas; there were also talkative feudal elders with long braids and mandarin jackets who criticized each other's ideas and views. , there was a fierce ideological conflict. Why does such a strange phenomenon occur? Today we will study Lesson 10: New Culture Movement!

learning target

1. Understand the historical background, representative figures and works of the rise of the New Culture Movement;

2. Grasp the signs, basic content, and historical significance of the rise of the New Culture Movement

1. The rise of the New Culture Movement

1.Background

The newly born Republic of China has fallen into political chaos. Only relying on the reform of the political system cannot save China. It must inspire the people's new ethical and moral consciousness and carry out innovative movements in the ideological and cultural fields.

start sign

Chen Duxiu founded "Youth Magazine" in Shanghai and published the article "Advice to Youth" in the first issue.

On September 15, 1915, "Youth Magazine" was founded on the Huangpu River in Shanghai. Chen Duxiu, who served as the secretary-general of the Anhui Governor's Office during the Revolution of 1911, called on the Chinese people to build a young China in his inaugural message "Advice to the Youth". This China should have six characteristics: independent rather than slave, progressive rather than conservative, and enterprising. It is about the world rather than retreat, it is about the world rather than being isolated from the country, it is practical rather than illusory, and it is scientific rather than imaginative.

2. Important positions

Peking University and "New Youth"

3.Representative

Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Hu Shi, Lu Xun, etc.

Representative

Chen Duxiu was born in Huaining, Anhui. He participated in the Revolution of 1911 in his early years and was a pioneer of the literary revolution, a literary theorist and professor. "Youth Magazine" founded in 1915. In February 1917, he published "On Literary Revolution" and proposed the "three major doctrines" of literary revolution. In the following years, famous articles such as "Restoration and Respecting Confucius", "On Iconoclasm", and "Reply to the Crime Case" were successively published in "New Youth", which played a huge role in various stages of the New Culture Movement. . In July 1921, he was elected as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. In 1927, he was dismissed from the post of General Secretary. He was arrested by the Kuomintang government in 1932 and sentenced to 13 years in prison for rebellion. He was released in August 1937. Died of illness on May 27, 1942.

Li Dazhao, a native of Laoting, Hebei Province, graduated from Waseda University in Tokyo. He is a pioneer of the Chinese communist movement, a great Marxist, an outstanding proletarian revolutionary, and one of the main founders of the Communist Party of China. He was not only an outstanding early leader of our party He is a famous scholar who is knowledgeable and courageous in pioneering. He occupies a lofty historical position in the Chinese communist movement and national liberation cause. After being arrested by the warlord Zhang Zuolin, he remained loyal and unyielding, strictly guarded the party's secrets, and died heroically on April 28, 1927. He was a great revolutionary martyr.

Hu Shi, a native of Jixi, Anhui, is a famous modern scholar, philosopher, literary historian and poet. In 1917, he returned to China and became a professor at Peking University. He devoted himself to the New Culture Movement and was one of the early leaders of the movement. He went to the United States again in 1949, and went to Taiwan in 1952. In April 1958, he became president of the Academia Sinica in Taiwan. His major works include "Hu Shi Wen Cun" and so on.

From 1910 to 1916, he studied at Cornell University and Columbia University in the United States, and received a total of 35 doctorates in his life.

content

① Criticize old morality and old culture.

Old morality: mainly refers to the Confucian ethical theory of Confucius centered on the Three Cardinal Principles and the Five Constant Principles.

Three cardinal principles: the king guides his subjects, the father guides his son, and the husband guides his wife.

Five constant elements: usually refers to benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness.

If the king is the guide for his ministers, then the people will be subordinate to the king and will have no independent personality;

If the father is the link between the son and the son, then the son is a subordinate to the father and has no independent personality;

If the husband acts as the guide for his wife, then the wife becomes an accessory to her husband and has no independent personality.

——Chen Duxiu (1916 "Youth Magazine" Volume 1, No. 5)

New morality: refers to bourgeois morality, pursuing freedom and equality.

4. Meaning

"For a long time, in addition to going to class and reading newspapers every day, I read books and read "New Youth"; talked about "New Youth"; and thought about the issues raised in "New Youth"." - Mao Zedong

"New Youth" "Like the first stirrings of spring thunder,... awakened the youth of the entire era. They first discovered that they were young people, and then roughly understood their own era. - Yang Zhensheng, student of the Chinese Department of Peking University

The New Culture Movement shook the dominance of feudal ethics and ethics, enabled the Chinese people to accept a baptism of democracy and science, and played a role in ideological propaganda and paving the way for the May Fourth Movement.

There is a certain degree of one-sidedness, but it is still a great ideological emancipation movement.

What do you think of the New Culture Movement’s fierce attack on traditional Confucian morality represented by Confucius? How do you think we should treat traditional culture?

Violently attacking the traditional Confucian morality and culture represented by Confucius is correct judging from the progressive influence of the New Culture Movement at that time and in later generations. However, during the New Culture Movement, the view of traditional Chinese culture was one-sided.

For the traditional culture of the motherland, we must take the essence and discard the dross.

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Update Time: 2024-10-04

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