"Nuclear Energy" PPT

Description

"Nuclear Energy" PPT

Part One: Learning Objectives

1. Master the two ways to obtain nuclear energy.

2. View the peaceful use of nuclear energy from the perspective of dialectical materialism.

3. Understand the development history, current situation and prospects of my country's nuclear energy, and cultivate students' patriotic sentiments.

Nuclear energy PPT, part 2 content: Nuclear energy

The energy released during changes in the nucleus of an atom.

There are two ways to obtain nuclear energy:

1. Fission

A process in which a more massive atomic nucleus splits into two new nuclei under neutron bombardment and releases energy.

2. Fusion

The process in which two atomic nuclei with smaller mass combine to form a new nucleus with larger mass and release energy at the same time.

Nuclear fission applications

Atomic bombs are made based on the principle of nuclear fission. It is the result of an uncontrollable chain reaction!

Nuclear fusion applications

Nuclear fusion power generation

——Nuclear fusion power generation is an important technology under research in the 21st century. It mainly heats the fusion fuel to a temperature of more than 100 million degrees, allowing it to generate nuclear fusion, and then uses the thermal energy

nuclear weapon

——Using the principle of nuclear fusion to make hydrogen bombs.

Nuclear Energy PPT, Part 3: Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy - Nuclear Power Plant

A nuclear power plant is a thermal power plant that uses the energy released by nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reactions to generate electricity. Due to technical obstacles in controlling nuclear fusion, nuclear power plants currently in commercial operation all use nuclear fission reactions to generate electricity.

Peaceful uses of nuclear energy - Nuclear power plants

Thinking: How is energy transformed during the working process of a power station?

Nuclear energy→internal energy→mechanical energy→electric energy

Nuclear power plant safety

Main safety issues caused by nuclear power:

1. An out-of-control nuclear reaction will damage equipment and cause the leakage of radioactive materials;

2. Improper disposal of radioactive waste can lead to environmental pollution.

Nuclear energy PPT, part 4: radioactivity

Radioactivity means that elements spontaneously emit rays from unstable nuclei (such as alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, etc.) and decay to form stable elements and stop emitting (decay products). This phenomenon is called radioactivity.

Applications of radioactive phenomena

X-ray cancer treatment

Nuclear power generation

Eliminate static electricity

Understand the absorption and loss of fertilizers and eliminate pests

Determining the age of antiquities (radioactive dating)

The harm of excessive radiation to humans

Under large doses of irradiation, radioactivity has some harmful effects on humans and animals.

For example, if exposed to 400 rad, 5% of the exposed people will die; if exposed to 650 rad, 100% of the people will die.

When the radiation dose is below 150rad, the mortality rate is zero, but it is not without damaging effects. It often takes 20 years for some symptoms to show up.

Main sources of radiation

1) Fallout from nuclear weapons testing.

2) The "three wastes" emissions from the nuclear fuel cycle.

3) Caused by medical exposure.

Nuclear energy PPT, part 5: summary

Nuclear energy: energy released by splitting or merging atomic nuclei

Fission: A reaction in which a larger atomic nucleus is split into smaller ones, releasing nuclear energy.

Fusion: A reaction in which lighter nuclei combine to form larger nuclei, releasing nuclear energy.

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Update Time: 2024-09-30

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