"Sodium and Its Compounds" Important elements in seawater - sodium and chlorine PPT (Lesson 1: Active metal element - sodium)

Description

"Sodium and Its Compounds" Important elements in seawater - sodium and chlorine PPT (Lesson 1: Active metal element - sodium)

Part One: Learning Objectives

Curriculum Standards

1. Understand the main properties of sodium through experimental exploration.

2. Preliminarily form a cognitive model for predicting and testing the properties of matter based on atomic structure.

core competencies

1. Macroscopic identification and microscopic analysis: Explore the properties of sodium based on the basic methods and basic procedures for studying material properties.

2. Scientific attitude and social responsibility: Through a series of scientific inquiry activities such as exploring the properties of sodium, we will enhance safety awareness and cultivate a rigorous and realistic scientific spirit.

Sodium and its compounds PPT, part 2: preview of new knowledge

1. Atomic structure of sodium

The schematic structural diagram of a sodium atom is __________, and it is easy to lose ____ electrons in chemical reactions. Therefore, the chemical properties of sodium are very active and show strong _________ properties.

2. Properties of Sodium

(1) Reaction of sodium and oxygen

(2) Reaction of sodium and water

Troubleshooting

1. Changes in sodium concentration when exposed to air

(1) Metal sodium is exposed to the air for a long time and eventually completely transforms into Na2CO3 powder. The main changes and phenomena in this process are as follows.

(2) The chemical equation of the main changes that occurred

①4Na＋O2===2Na2O;

②Na2O＋H2O===2NaOH;

④2NaOH+CO2===Na2CO3+H2O, Na2CO3+10H2O===Na2CO3·10H2O;

⑤Na2CO3·10H2O===Na2CO3＋10H2O.

2. Sodium reacts with acid solution

Sodium first reacts with H+ in the acid, ionic equation: 2Na+2H+===2Na++

H2↑. If there is an excess of sodium, the sodium will consume the acid and then react with water.

3. Sodium reacts with salt solution

When sodium reacts with a salt solution, it first reacts with water to form NaOH and H2, and then NaOH undergoes a metathesis reaction with the salt (if sodium hydroxide does not react with the salt, there is only a reaction between sodium and water). For example: the reaction between Na and CuSO4 solution is 2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2↑, 2NaOH+CuSO4===Cu(OH)2↓+Na2SO4.

use as you learn

1. Which of the following statements about sodium is correct ()

A. Sodium is a silver-white metal with great hardness

B． Place sodium on an asbestos mesh and heat it with an alcohol lamp. The sodium burns violently, producing a yellow flame and producing sodium peroxide.

C. Metal sodium burns in the air to form sodium oxide

D. Metal sodium has a very high melting point

2. When a small piece of sodium metal is put into a CuSO4 solution, the phenomenon that cannot be observed is ()

A. A blue precipitate forms in the solution

B． Gas is generated

C. Red substance precipitates

D. Sodium melts into small balls that float on the liquid surface

3. Which ionic equation can correctly express the following reaction? ()

A. Reaction of sodium and water: Na＋2H2O===Na＋＋2OH－＋H2↑

B． The reaction between sodium and CuSO4 solution: 2Na＋Cu2＋===Cu＋2Na＋

C. Reaction of sodium and hydrochloric acid: Na＋2H＋===Na＋＋H2↑

D. The reaction between sodium and potassium chloride solution: 2Na＋2H2O===2Na＋＋2OH－＋H2↑

Sodium and its compounds PPT, part three content: Qualification examination training

1. Metal sodium is an active metal. In addition to the general properties of metal, it also has its own characteristics. Which of the following statements about sodium is correct ()

A. Sodium is a silver-white metal with a low melting point and high hardness.

B． When sodium is placed in the air, it will be quickly oxidized to produce light yellow sodium oxide.

C. When heated in oxygen, metallic sodium burns violently, producing a yellow flame

D. Metal sodium can be stored in a beaker

2. Take a small piece of metallic sodium and heat it in a burning spoon. The correct description of the following experimental phenomenon is ()

①Metal sodium melts first; ②Burns in the air and releases yellow sparks; ③After burning, a white solid is obtained; ④The flame is yellow when burning; ⑤After burning, a light yellow solid substance is produced

A. ①② B． ①②③

C. ①④⑤ D. ④⑤

3. Add equal volumes of water and kerosene to a small beaker. After a while, gently add a mung bean-sized amount of metallic sodium to the beaker. The phenomenon that may be observed is ()

4. A small piece of sodium is put into the FeCl3 solution. Which of the following predictions about the experimental phenomena is correct ()

A. Sodium dissolves, iron precipitates, and gas is produced

B． Only gas is produced

C. Only precipitation occurs

D. Both precipitation and gas are produced

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Update Time: 2024-11-20

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