People's Education Edition Eighth Grade History Volume 1

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"Science, Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" PPT courseware 6

1. The beginning of new education

Reason: The imperial examination system used by the Qing Dynasty to select talents no longer meets the needs of modern China;

Enlightened officials advocated learning from the West, and the development of reform education and the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898 promoted the development of new education.

The founding of the Capital University

The Capital University was founded in 1898 during the Reform Movement of 1898.

The Capital University was the first highest institution of higher education established by the state in modern China. Its establishment took an important step in the educational reform of modern China.

Abolition of the imperial examination system

Background: The imperial examination system has lagged behind the times and cannot meet the needs of modern China; enlightened officials represented by the Minister of Foreign Affairs Zhang Zhidong have developed new education.

2. Literature and artists who praise the light and denounce the darkness

The May 4th Movement brought Chinese culture into a new stage, with the emergence of a large number of writers, artists and outstanding literary and artistic works.

Literary giant Lu Xun

Representative works: "Diary of a Madman", "Kong Jiji", etc.

Lu Xun's novels criticized the feudal system and feudal ethics and had a huge influence.

Art master Xu Beihong and people's musicians Nie Er and Xian Xinghai.

Xu Beihong: "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain", "Six Horses", etc.

Synchronous practice

1. Multiple choice questions

1. His translations soon spread throughout the country, and words such as "The Theory of Heaven's Evolution", "The Competition of Things" and "Natural Selection" gradually became common words in newspapers and periodicals. He is ( )

A. Wei Yuan B. Yan Fu C. Kang Youwei D. Chen Duxiu

2. Which of the following statements about China’s modern education, science and technology achievements is correct ( )

A. The famous thinker Yan Fu translated "The Theory of Heavenly Evolution"

B. After graduating from the Capital University, Zhan Tianyou presided over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway.

C. After the Revolution of 1911, the National Government abolished the imperial examination system that had existed for more than 1,300 years.

D. The representative works of people's musicians Nie Er and Xian Xinghai are "Yellow River Cantata" and "March of the Volunteers" respectively.

3. Students from a certain school used a drama to perform a scene when the Jingshi Tongwen Hall (1862), the predecessor of Peking University, was first founded. Among the following options, the one that fits this scene is ( )

A. All boys on campus have short hair B. Japanese teachers explain the structure of the human body in biology class

C. Some students are learning English D. Students in the assembly were all wearing neat school uniforms

4. On September 2, 1905, the Qing government issued an "Edict" announcing that "from the beginning of Bingwu (1906), all township examinations will be suspended. The provincial examinations will also be suspended." this means( )

A. The Qing government has achieved universal education B. The Qing government decided to abolish the imperial examination system

C. New education is opposed by students D. Capital University has stopped enrolling students

9. Things become useless over time, tools become bad over time, and laws become harmful over time. Reform and innovation have always been the long-standing spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation. Please read the materials and explore the following questions: [Politics]

Material 1: Guan Zhong, Prime Minister Huan Gong, dominated the princes and brought order to the world. ——"The Analects of Confucius"

As for Qin Xiaogong, he used Shang Jun to destroy the wells, open roads, and plow the land to gain rewards... He favored neighboring countries and dominated the princes... As for the First Emperor, he united the world. ——"Hanshu·Shi Huo Zhi"

If the Northern Wei Dynasty from Pingcheng to Luoyang was the forerunner of Sinicization, then the Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty were the followers... The Northern Zhou Dynasty regime reflected the reunification of the Chinese nation in the history of the country, and was based on the great national integration of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. ——"A Concise Chinese History Reader"

(1) Material 1, 3, etc. The historical materials reflect the three political reforms in ancient Chinese history. What was the historical impact of the first reform? Summarize the second and third historical materials and point out the similarities in the historical effects of these two reforms.

It made Qi rich and powerful, laying the foundation for Duke Huan of Qi to become the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period. What they have in common: They both laid the foundation for achieving national reunification.

【Economy】

Material 2 as shown below

Farm tools and a cow statue with a nose ring from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

(2) What historical information can you obtain from the pictures in Material 2? What is the role of this phenomenon?

Information: The emergence of iron farm tools and ox farming during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Function: Improvements in production tools and innovations in production technology promote social and economic development.

【Education】

Material 4: Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, most officials have been selected from the children of powerful people from various places. Children of powerful people can be officials regardless of their merits. Many people with humble backgrounds but real talents and learning cannot serve as high-ranking officials in the central and local governments.

——The second volume of history for seventh grade published by People's Education Press

Material 5: After China entered modern times, drastic social changes urgently required a large number of talents suitable for the times... However, the imperial examination system was still obsessed with eight-legged essays and small regular script examination papers. The people selected could not rejuvenate the country internally, nor could they resist external insults. Fight the enemy.

——Yang Qifu "Imperial Examination System and Modern Culture"

(4) In order to change the shortcomings reflected in Material 4, what measures did Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty and Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty take?

Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty began to use subject-specific examinations to select officials; Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty formally established the Jinshi Department.

(5) In view of the current situation reflected in Material 5, how did the late Qing government reform education and cultivate talents suitable for the times?

Following the example of the West, he reformed education and established a new style of school. He promulgated the "School Charter" and established a new education system. In 1905, he announced the abolition of the imperial examination system. (Write any one of them)

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"Science, Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" PPT courseware 5:

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"Science, Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" PPT courseware 4:

"Science, Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" PPT courseware 4 Review the past and learn the new 1. Think about it: When was the imperial examination system born? What is the main content of the test initially? The imperial examination system was formally established during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. It mainly assesses the candidates’ views on current affairs. 2. What does the picture reflect?

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Update Time: 2024-09-30

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