People's Education Press Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 1

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"Changes and Properties of Matter" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware

Test point 1 Physical changes and chemical changes

Concept refers to changes that do not produce _________ refers to changes that produce __________

The fundamental difference is that other substances are not produced and other substances are produced.

Differences in phenomena: generally only changes in shape or state occur; generally there are phenomena such as luminescence, heat release, discoloration, gas release, and precipitation.

Microscopic difference: The molecules that make up a substance remain unchanged. The molecules that make up a substance change.

Examples: Water freezes, paraffin melts, etc. Firewood burns, iron rusts, etc.

Test point 2 Physical properties and chemical properties

1. Physical properties: refers to the properties of a substance that do not require ________ changes. Such as the color, state, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, hardness, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, volatility, ductility, etc. of a substance.

2. Chemical properties: refers to the properties of a substance that appear during ________ changes. Such as flammability, oxidation, stability, reducibility, acidity and alkalinity, combustion-supporting properties, etc.

3． The relationship between material properties and material changes

Changes in matter determine and reflect the properties of matter

[Instruction] Characteristics are generally described with words such as "can", "will", and "can", while changes are described without the above words. This difference helps us distinguish properties from changes. For example, "sulfur can burn in the air" is a chemical property, "water can turn into water vapor when heated" is a physical property, and "sulfur can burn in the air" is a chemical change, "water turns into water vapor when heated" It's a physical change.

Type 1: Determine physical changes and chemical changes

Propositional perspective: Judgment of physical changes and chemical changes from the change process of specific substances.

Example 1　[2011·Dazhou]The following changes are chemical changes ( )

A. Gasoline evaporates

B. set off fireworks

C. Activated carbon absorbs odors in the refrigerator

D. Separating liquid air to produce oxygen

[Analysis] Setting off fireworks produces new substances, which is a chemical change. The other three changes do not produce new substances and are physical changes.

Type 2: Distinguish between physical properties and chemical properties

Propositional perspective: Based on the description of the properties of matter, distinguish between physical properties and chemical properties.

Example 2 [2010·Lishui] Among the following descriptions, the chemical properties of metals are ()

A. Copper is a purple-red solid B. Mercury is liquid at room temperature

C. Aluminum can react with acid D. Sodium has a softer texture

[Analysis] Option A describes the color and state of copper, option B describes the state of mercury at room temperature, and option D describes the hardness of sodium. None of these properties need to be expressed through chemical changes. It belongs to physical properties. Only in option C, aluminum reacts with acid and undergoes chemical changes, showing the chemical properties of aluminum.

Type 3: Know the relationship between material properties and uses

Propositional perspective: Examine the understanding of the properties of matter from its uses.

Example 3 [2011·Lanzhou]In daily life and agricultural production, the use of the following substances is determined by their chemical properties ()

A. Use activated carbon to remove odors from your refrigerator

B. Nitrogen used as protective gas

C. Make wires from metallic copper

D. Dry ice for artificial rainfall

Variant question 1 [2011·Shaanxi] The following uses of substances utilize their physical properties ()

A. Use a diamond-encrusted glass knife to cut glass in daily life

B. Hydrated lime is commonly used in agriculture to improve acidic soil

C. Carbon monoxide is commonly used as a reducing agent in industry to smelt metals.

D. Methanol (CH3OH) is produced from coal as raw material in chemical production.

Variant question 2 [2011·Taian] The properties of substances determine their uses. The following uses mainly utilize its chemical properties: ()

[Method Instructions] The properties of substances are closely related to their uses. Nature determines the use. When judging the nature of a substance based on its use, the key is to see whether the use contains chemical changes and does not contain chemical changes, that is, physical properties are used, and chemical changes are used, but chemical properties are used.

[ Analysis The properties of light; copper wires are used as conductors by utilizing the conductivity of copper; and hydrogen is used as high-energy fuel by utilizing the flammability of hydrogen, which is a chemical property.

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"Changes and Properties of Matter" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 8:

"Changes and Properties of Matter" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 8 [Experiment 1-1] Operation: 1. Clamp the test tube containing a small amount of water diagonally on the iron stand. 2. Carefully heat the water at the bottom of the test tube until it boils. 3. Move a clean glass piece close to the test tube mouth. 【Experiment 1-2..

"Changes and Properties of Matter" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 7:

"Changes and Properties of Matter" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 7 1. Chemical Changes and Physical Changes Can you observe experiments? Before change: Observe the color and state of the reactants, and the conditions required for the reaction to occur (whether heating or other conditions are required). When changing: occurs..

"Changes and Properties of Matter" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 6:

"Changes and Properties of Matter" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 6 What is Chemistry? Chemistry is a natural science that studies the composition, structure, properties and changes of substances. The world is material, and matter moves and changes. How does matter change?

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Update Time: 2024-09-30

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