People's Education Press High School Chemistry Compulsory Course 2

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"Sulfur and Its Compounds" Important non-metallic elements in chemical production PPT (Lesson 1 Sulfur and Sulfur Dioxide)

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. Sulfur

1.Physical properties

[Micro Thought] If there is elemental sulfur attached to the inner wall of the test tube, how to remove it by washing?

Tip: Wash with CS2 - elemental sulfur is easily soluble in CS2.

2. Chemical properties

The chemical properties of sulfur are relatively active and can react chemically with many metal elements and non-metal elements. like:

3. Uses: Sulfur is mainly used to make sulfuric acid, fertilizers, matches and pesticides, etc. It is also used to make black powder, fireworks and firecrackers, etc.

[Micro Thoughts] Can we judge the oxidizing properties of S and Cl2 based on the reaction products of Fe, Cu, S and Cl2?

Tip: Yes. Fe, Cu reacts with S to form low-priced compounds, and Fe, Cu reacts with Cl2 to form high-priced compounds, so Cl2 is more oxidizing than S.

2. Sulfur dioxide

1.Physical properties

2. Chemical properties

(1) Experimental research

(2) Reversible reaction

① Positive reaction: a reaction in the _______ direction;

②Reverse reaction: a reaction that proceeds in the _______ direction;

③ Reversible reaction: A reaction that can proceed in both the forward reaction direction and the reverse reaction direction under _____________.

[Micro Thoughts] The reaction of hydrogen and oxygen can produce water, and the electrolysis of water can produce hydrogen and oxygen. Is this reaction a reversible reaction?

Hint: No. The condition for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water is combustion, which is different from the conditions for electrolysis of water, so it is not a reversible reaction.

(3) "Four properties" of SO2

3.Use

Production of sulfuric acid, bleaching agent (bleaching pulp, wool, silk, etc.), sterilization and food additives.

【Situation·Thinking】

A classmate discovered that the white straw hat bought by Grandpa Xia turned yellow after using it for a period of time. By asking people around him, he learned that the straw hat was smoked with sulfur. Do you agree with this statement? What is the reason why the white straw hat turns yellow? ?

Tip: The term "sulfur fumigation" is not accurate. The principle of bleaching is to use sulfur to react with oxygen under heating conditions to generate SO2. SO2 has bleaching properties. When bleaching straw hats, it is not the direct action of sulfur; SO2 combines with colored substances to form colorless substances. , it will decompose and release SO2 under conditions such as heating (sunlight irradiation), and will return to its original color.

Sulfur and its compounds PPT, part 2 content: key abilities and literacy formation

Knowledge point 1: Comparison of properties of SO2 and CO2

[Key points to clarify doubts]

Comparison of properties of SO2 and CO2

【Think·Discussion】

(1) CO2 and SO2 are both acidic oxides and have certain similarities in properties. Combined with existing knowledge, we will explore whether CO2 and SO2 can be identified using clarified lime water. Why?

Tip: No. When a small amount of CO2 and SO2 are introduced into the clear lime water, white precipitate will be produced; when a sufficient amount of CO2 and SO2 are introduced into the clear lime water, the phenomenon will first become turbid and then become clear. The ionic equation for the reaction between SO2 and Ca(OH)2 is SO2+Ca2++2OH-====CaSO3↓+H2O,CaSO3+SO2+H2O====Ca2++2.

(2) How to check whether a colorless gas is SO2 or CO2?

Tip: Pour the gas into the magenta solution. If the magenta solution fades to colorless and is heated, and the faded solution returns to red, the gas is SO2; if the magenta solution does not fade, it is CO2.

(1) The connection sequence of these devices (in the direction of product gas flow from left to right) is ________→________→________→________ (fill in the serial number of the device).

(2) In device ②, it is necessary to check that there is water vapor in the product, then the medicine put in is _______________;

In device ③, it is necessary to check that there is carbon dioxide gas in the product, so the drug put in is _______________; during the experiment, it can be observed that the solution in bottle A in device ① fades, but the solution in bottle C does not fade. The function of the solution in bottle A is ____________________, The function of solution in bottle B is ______________, and the function of solution in bottle C is ______________.

【Migration·Application】

1. (2019 Rizhao Grade 1 Test) What can prove that SO2 has bleaching properties is ()

A. The purple-red color disappears after SO2 gas is introduced into the acidic KMnO4 solution.

B. The red color disappears after SO2 gas is passed into the NaOH solution dripping with phenolphthalein.

C. The red color disappears after SO2 gas is passed into the magenta solution.

D. The orange color disappears after SO2 gas is introduced into the bromine water.

[Analysis] Choose C. When SO2 gas is passed into acidic KMnO4 solution, the purple color disappears, and when bromine water is passed into it, the orange color disappears, both of which are due to the reducing property of SO2; the red color of NaOH solution dripping with phenolphthalein disappears because the introduced SO2 gas reacts with water to generate acid. , the acid consumes NaOH; only when the red color disappears after SO2 gas is passed into the magenta solution, can it be proved that SO2 has bleaching properties.

2. (2019·Linyi Senior High School Testing) The laboratory can use the device as shown in the figure (part of the clamping instrument is omitted) to prepare SO2 and verify its properties.

(1) The name of the instrument containing 70% H2SO4 solution is ________. After the instrument is assembled, close the pistons at both ends and inject liquid into the long-neck funnel of device B until a liquid column is formed. If ________, the entire device is airtight.

(2) One of the functions of device B is to judge the speed of SO2 generation by observing the number of bubbles produced. The best choice for the liquid is ________ (fill in the code).

a. Distilled water b. Saturated Na2CO3 solution

c. Saturated NaHSO3 solution d. Saturated NaOH solution

(3) The reagents in test tube C can verify the oxidizing property of sulfur dioxide. The phenomenon is _______________.

(4) In order to verify the reducing property of sulfur dioxide, after full reaction, take the solution in test tube D and divide it into three parts, and conduct the following experiments respectively:

Scheme Ⅰ: Add AgNO3 solution to the first solution, and a white precipitate will form;

Scheme Ⅱ: Add magenta solution to the second solution, and the red color will fade;

Scheme III: Add BaCl2 solution to the third solution to produce a white precipitate.

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"Sulfur and Its Compounds" Important non-metallic elements in chemical production PPT (Test of sulfate ion in lesson 2):

"Sulfur and Its Compounds" Important non-metallic elements in chemical production PPT (Examination of sulfate ions in lesson 2) Part 1 content: Foundation of necessary knowledge and literacy 1. Sulfuric acid 1. Uses and industrial preparation of sulfuric acid (1) Uses : ①Important chemical raw materials, can be used for...

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

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