People's Education Press Sixth Grade Science Volume 1

Description

"Plant Organs and Nutrition" Plant Life System PPT Courseware

1. Composition of plants

1. Different tissues make up organs, and organs make up plants.

2.Main organs of angiosperms

Flowers, fruits, and seeds are related to plant reproduction and are called reproductive organs

Roots, stems, and leaves are responsible for the absorption, production, and transportation of plant nutrients and other physiological functions, and are called vegetative organs.

2. Meristem

The meristematic tissue is composed of cells with the ability to divide. It is located in the growing part of the plant and is directly related to the growth and thickening of the rhizome.

Characteristics: cells are small in size, tightly arranged, thin-walled, relatively large nuclei, thick cytoplasm, and generally no vacuoles or only scattered small vacuoles.

According to source and nature

①Primary meristem: It is directly retained from the embryonic cells and generally has a long-lasting and strong ability to divide. Located at the top of the rhizome's growth point.

② Primary meristem: Derived from the original meristem, initial differentiation has occurred, but it still has the ability to divide. It is a tissue that transitions from meristem to mature tissue.

③Secondary meristem: A meristem formed by the cells of mature tissues undergoing physiological and morphological changes, breaking away from their original mature state, and re-transforming.

3. Mature organizations

Most cells derived from meristems gradually lose their ability to divide and further grow and differentiate to form various other tissues, called mature tissues or permanent tissues.

According to function

① Protect tissue: Reduce evaporation, control gas exchange, and prevent pest and disease invasion and mechanical damage. Includes epidermis and periderm

②Parenchyma tissue: The main tissue that carries out various metabolisms, accounting for most of the plant volume. According to the different functions of parenchyma tissue, it can be divided into: assimilation tissue, storage tissue, water storage tissue, and ventilation tissue.

③Mechanical tissue: plays a major supporting role in the plant body. According to the different cells, it can be divided into thick horn tissue and posterior wall tissue.

④Transportation organization: the main organization responsible for long-distance transportation of materials. In plants, the transportation of water and organic matter is undertaken by two types of conductive tissues: one is xylem, which mainly transports water and inorganic salts dissolved in it. One type is phloem, which mainly transports nutrients.

⑤Secretory structure

Certain plant cells can synthesize some special organic or inorganic substances and excrete them out of the body, outside the cell, or accumulate them inside the cell. This phenomenon is called secretion.

Divided into: external secretory structures, such as glandular epidermis, nectaries, drains, etc.

Internal secretory structures, such as secretory cells, secretory tracts, and milk ducts

Stem thorn

On the stem nodes of the plant, the branches that grow out develop into spines, which are called stem spines.

There are also two types of stem thorns: branched and unbranched. The former is like honey locust and the latter is like hawthorn.

rhizome

Rhizome, or rhizome, is a modification of the underground stem of some perennial plants. Its shape is like a root, which is called rhizome. Reeds, lotus, and moso bamboo all have well-developed rhizomes. The commonly known "reed root" is the rhizome of reed, lotus root is the rhizome of lotus, and bamboo whip is the rhizome of bamboo. Although the rhizomes of different plants have different shapes, they all share some common characteristics. First of all, rhizomes grow underground and grow horizontally. Secondly, the basic morphological characteristics of stems can be seen on rhizomes, which are nodes, internodes, and leaves growing on the nodes.

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Update Time: 2024-11-17

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