1. Teaching objectives
1. Learn to summarize and filter key information, understand the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges, and learn to introduce explanation objects in a more organized manner through appropriate explanation methods, explanation orders and structural levels (teaching focus).
2. Choose appropriate materials and order, further understand through copying, commenting, revising, etc., and learn to apply knowledge related to expository texts (teaching difficulties).
3. Through comparative reading, you can feel the great achievements of China's bridge construction, appreciate the ingenuity of our country's working people, and inspire national pride (teaching focus).
2. Teaching process (first lesson)
(1) Appreciate the bridge and understand the meaning of the bridge
Teacher: (Show photos of various bridges) What do these bridges have in common? Can you combine your own observation and understanding to say in one sentence what a "bridge" is? (student exchange)
To clarify: a bridge is a building that is erected on a river, on land, or in a canyon to connect the two sides for people to pass.
(2) Talk about bridges and understand the principles of bridges
Students: Read the full text quickly and silently, outline the key sentences while reading, combine the key sentences in the text, grasp the main content of the text, and communicate with each other.
Design intention: It is not only to familiarize the text content, but also to train students' ability to extract key information, and to prepare for asking questions and solving problems in group inquiry activities.
Clarification: 1. The arc-shaped bridge opening of the stone arch bridge appeared relatively early in the history of world bridges. This kind of bridge is beautiful in form and very strong, and it is still functioning after hundreds of thousands of years.
2. China's stone arch bridges have a long history and can be found almost everywhere. They come in different sizes and forms. Many of them are amazing masterpieces, such as the Zhaozhou Bridge in Hebei and the Marco Polo Bridge in Beijing.
3. Why do Chinese stone arch bridges have such glorious achievements? First, it is the diligence and wisdom of our country's working people; second, our country's stone arch bridge construction technology is superb, using less materials, ingenious structure, and high strength; third, various building materials are abundant and easy to obtain locally.
4. Bridge construction has become a bright business card for my country to go global, such as Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, etc.
Student activities: In groups, discuss from any angle. Why is this article placed in the first article of the first expository unit in junior high school? Think about it from four angles.
(1) Explanation method: The main content of this article has been understood by combining key sentences. Can other content be deleted? Why?
(2) Explanatory language: The language of this article is accurate and rigorous, but there are some uncertain expressions in the article, such as "about", "probably", "almost" and other words that appear many times. What do you think? Please make a brief analysis based on specific statements.
(3) Order of explanation: Can the order of the examples of Zhaozhou Bridge and Marco Polo Bridge be reversed? Why? Are there any such examples in the text?
(4) Explain the structure: Is it redundant to talk about the characteristics of stone arch bridges in the first two paragraphs? What is the function of the last paragraph?
Design intention: The above four questions involve different focuses, but include important knowledge such as explanation methods, expository language characteristics, explanation order, and chapter structure. On the basis of respecting students' reading experience, teachers guide students to apply the expository knowledge they have learned and intersperse the accumulation of key words in text explanations.
(3) Visit the bridge and appreciate its beauty
Student activities: The article focuses on Zhaozhou Bridge and Marco Polo Bridge. How do they embody the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges? Carry out activities in groups.
(1) Draw an explanatory diagram: Draw a schematic diagram of Zhaozhou Bridge or Marco Polo Bridge according to the text content, and mark the data at the corresponding positions.
(2) Organize the tour guide words: According to the text content, introduce the tour guide words of Zhaozhou Bridge and Marco Polo Bridge in an orderly manner.
(3) Introduction to Zhaozhou Bridge (Lugou Bridge): Based on the text content, the guide words and your own reasonable use, I will introduce a bridge to you in an organized, focused, detailed and interesting way.
Design intention: This activity is to allow students to have a deeper understanding of "How do Zhaozhou Bridge and Marco Polo Bridge embody the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges?"
(4) Assign homework
1. Complete the accumulation of the pronunciation and meaning of important words in this lesson.
2. Complete the first question of [Thinking and Inquiry] based on the content of the article.
3. Are there any explanation methods that are not fully explained in the article? Comment and communicate after class.
"China Teachers News" November 13, 2019 Page 5
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