Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer in our country. The railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou was first successfully built under his leadership. This is the first main railway line designed and constructed entirely by Chinese engineering and technical personnel.
The railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou is 200 kilometers long and is an important transportation artery connecting North China and Northwest China. At that time, as soon as the Qing government proposed the construction plan, some imperialist countries came out to obstruct it. They all wanted to compete for the right to build this railway and wanted to further control the northern part of our country. The imperialists refused to give in to anyone, and the matter went on for a long time without being resolved. They finally put forward a condition: if the Qing government uses its own engineers to build railways, they will no longer interfere. They thought that with such threats, the railway would not be able to start construction, and they would eventually have to ask for help. The imperialists were completely wrong. China already had its own engineers at that time, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them.
In 1905, the Qing government appointed Zhan Tianyou as chief engineer to build the railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou. As soon as the news came out, the whole country was shocked. Everyone said that this time we could breathe a sigh of relief. The imperialists think this is a joke. A foreign newspaper said disdainfully: "There are no Chinese engineers who can build railways north of the south entrance yet." It turns out that from the south entrance to the north through Juyongguan and Badaling, there are high mountains, deep valleys, and cliffs all the way. They believe that famous engineers from various countries would not dare to attempt such an arduous project. As for the Chinese, they would not be able to complete it anyway.
Zhan Tianyou was not afraid of difficulties or ridicule. He resolutely accepted the task and immediately started surveying the line. Wherever mountains need to be opened, where bridges need to be built, where steep slopes need to be leveled, and where curvatures need to be reduced, all must be surveyed and carefully calculated. Zhan Tianyou often encouraged the staff and said: "Our work must first be precise and not sloppy. "Probably", "Absolutely", such statements should not come from the mouths of engineering staff." He personally led the students and workers, Carrying a benchmark and a theodolite on his back, he fixed points and surveyed on the cliff. Outside the fortress, the wind is often howling, the sky is full of yellow sand, and there is a danger of falling into a deep valley if you are not careful. No matter how bad the conditions were, Zhan Tianyou always insisted on working in the field. During the day, he climbed mountains and ridges, surveyed routes, and at night, he drew and calculated under an oil lamp. In order to find a suitable route, he often consulted local farmers. When encountering difficulties, he always thinks: This is the first railway built by the Chinese themselves, and it must be repaired; otherwise, it will not only make foreigners laugh at it, but also make Chinese engineers lose confidence.
The railway has to pass through many high mountains and has to dig tunnels. Among them, the Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels are the most difficult projects. Juyongguan has high mountains and thick rock formations, so Zhan Tianyou decided to dig in from both ends to the middle at the same time. The spring water from the top of the mountain seeped down, and the tunnel was filled with mud. There was no pump on the construction site, so Zhan Tianyou took the lead with a bucket to drain the water. He often ate and lived with the workers and never left the construction site. The Badaling Tunnel is more than 1,100 meters long, three times as long as the Juyongguan Tunnel. He discussed with the old workers and decided to adopt the central well drilling method. First, a shaft was dug down from the top of the mountain, and then the two ends were excavated at the same time, which shortened the construction period by half.
The railway passes near Qinglong Bridge and the slope is particularly steep. How can a train climb such a steep slope? Zhan Tianyou designed a "herringbone" line along the mountain. When the northbound train reaches the south entrance, it uses two locomotives, one pulling in front and one pushing in the back. After passing the Qinglong Bridge, the train headed northeast. After passing the fork in the "herringbone" line, it reversed. The locomotive that was originally pushing pulled, and the locomotive that was originally pulling pushed, causing the train to turn and move northwest. This makes it much easier to get the train up the mountain.
The entire railway was completed in less than four years, two years ahead of schedule. This incident gave a powerful counterattack to the imperialists who despised China. Today, we took the train to Badaling. After passing Qinglongqiao Station, we could see a bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou. Many foreign guests who visited China were amazed when they saw the great projects left by Zhan Tianyou.
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