Preparing a network schedule is generally divided into the following steps: Establish planning framework - Define activities - Determine the duration of activities - Determine logical relationships between activities - Estimate resource requirements - Develop and optimize schedule - Establish budget and Baseline plan - dynamic tracking and control of the plan.
1. Establish the framework of the plan
To put it simply, it means to break down all the work step by step. For construction projects, decomposition is mainly to identify independent work areas. The work breakdown structure is the planning framework that supports the management of cost, schedule, and employee performance. The lowest level of the breakdown structure is the basis for the project management department to assign work. It should be noted that during the decomposition process, the main consideration is how to cover all aspects. At this time, there is no need to consider the time consumed, the logical relationship between each other, and the occupation of resources.
As the decomposition work unfolds, parent units and sub-units are formed. The sum of the work of all sub-units must be 100% of the work of the parent unit, which means that omissions must be avoided. Break down the work until the complexity of each element and the work become manageable in terms of planning and control. In construction projects, it is generally sufficient to reach the sub-project level, and there is no need to reach the specific process level.
2. Define activities
Once the work breakdown structure is complete, we can start defining ‘activities’. As mentioned before, in the process of preparation of plans by the construction project management department, various 'processes' can be roughly understood as activities, which represent actions that can be implemented by a member of the project management department and directed by subordinate personnel. .
In the planning framework of the unit project, we can decompose the work of a certain layer (or standard layer) structure to the lowest level of the structure into 'steel bar binding', 'concealed acceptance', 'formwork installation', and 'concrete pouring' And activities such as 'removal of formwork' will be completed by the corresponding foreman organizing labor personnel.
Due to the dynamic nature of the project, in the process of defining activities, it is sometimes found that the work breakdown structure is unreasonable when the project design is changeable, the determination of the construction period is subject to administrative interference, the project progress payment is not closely linked to the network plan, new materials, new processes, etc. , at this time we also need to consider making appropriate adjustments to ensure clear definition of activities. Activities represent the basic work that supports project objectives and are the cornerstone of project planning and control.
3. Determine logical relationships
Arranging the order of various ‘activities’ and defining logical relationships is probably the most familiar task for technicians, whether it is using a Gantt chart or a double-code network diagram. Although construction engineering is a traditional industry and is very mature in technology and operation, the differences between projects are still very obvious. The more experienced personnel are, the more they can discover problems through serious and careful analysis and creative design solutions. Problem solution. You can use the Project horizontal chart to coordinate it and carefully consider it.
4. Estimation of duration of activities
The duration of various activities in construction projects is supported by a relatively large amount of experience, which is generally not difficult to obtain. What should be emphasized here is that time consumption has its own objective laws and cannot be determined entirely by the will of the leader. Therefore, it is recommended that front-line personnel make estimates based on previous similar engineering experience and have them reviewed by experienced technical personnel. For example, the standard layer structure of the above-mentioned unit project uses different formwork systems such as sliding formwork, steel frame bamboo glue formwork, and ordinary wood formwork according to the room structure, and the construction period will differ by 1 to 2 days.
5. Estimating resource requirements
Allocating resources to activities is one of the most frustrating things for technicians. The root cause of the problem is that the workload is very heavy. Consumption quotas are common throughout our country and can be used as the original basis for resource calculation. They can be easily and conveniently realized through engineering budget software. On projects, this work is often accomplished by regularly reporting ‘resource demand plans’. However, the actual situation of the project will be very different, and corresponding sub-item conversions and adjustments must be made.
6. Develop and optimize progress plan
Developing a schedule means determining the start and completion times for all project activities. After using the software system to carry out the above five steps, the computer will automatically generate a complete project schedule chart, and the software system will provide critical path calculation functions and resource optimization functions. Optimizing the schedule mainly starts from the logical relationship between critical lines and activities, based on the principle of "critical paths require progress, and non-critical paths require resources." The defined activities are repeatedly reviewed within the framework of the plan, and the four logical relationships of the activities will appear on the paper.
7. Establish a budget and baseline plan
On the basis of a complete decomposition structure with clear activity time and resources, it can be summarized according to a certain time period or certain nodes of the decomposition structure, and the demand plan of various resources can be easily obtained, and then combined with the price information, it can be A budget is available.
8. Dynamic tracking and control of plans
To adjust the schedule, a target project can be established to facilitate comparison. In our entire progress management process, control is the real purpose of the plan, because if we want to control the plan well, we must formulate our target plan, track, compare, analyze and adjust it regularly, and always keep the progress in line with the plan. Being under control is the purpose of our control, so we must do a good job in dynamic tracking and control of network plans.
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