Sharing today: "Classic book list "Illustrated Emergency Operation Procedures""

Follow the WeChat public account:SCI core paper editor, reply to keywords"015 span>"Get it for free

Researchers’ documents require manuscripts submitted to different files and publishers, and Issues often cited in formatting conventions for academic writing, including papers with stylistic and title-level formats, as well as papers with citation and citation formats. Scientific researchers of various professional societies usually need such text formats so that they can read through them in a short time and provide extremely detailed writing guides for text formats. The main difference between and the writing requirements of the model essay format can generally meet the writing requirements. This article follows various common writing formats.

1. Common format for academic writing

The format of font writing in certain formats, such as: single-column format, Times New Roman, 12-point fonts on the left and right, 1 inch between the top and bottom pages, and each paragraph is intuitively indented by 00.5 inches, text is aligned to the left, 1 space after the period, double-spaced, use line spacing in single-page titles, subtitles, documents, citations, use line spacing in documents, page numbers to display detailed information on each page, and summary instructions.

2. How to record references

The entry method of literature materials usually includes references: author-sequential coding (format), author-chronological number (Harvard format)-sequential coding, according to The author's final appearance is coded in the text using a citation number document, sometimes requiring Arabic corner numbering for the citation number document, and sometimes requiring square brackets for the number. In various reference description formats, the description items, the spelling of the author's name, and the initial alphabetical order of each English word in the title of the work are required. In addition, a common word when citing references is "ibid. ", from the Latin "ibid", meaning "in the same place", that is, the same origin.

3. Common academic writing formats and applicable fields

• APA format, whose English name is The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, is commonly used in psychology, sociology, political science and other fields.
• MLA format, named The Modern Language Association (MLA) Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, often used in literature and the humanities.
• CMOS format, Chicago subject category and history format , the Chinese name is the Chicago social science category and the history category, and the Chinese name is the general arts and other humanities and history fields.
• CSE format, named scientific style and format : The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, Chinese is widely used in various scientific fields. CSE refers to the Council of Science Editors.
• AMA, the English name is American Medical Association style Handbooks, published by universities, standing in the fields of medicine and biology.
• National Library of Medical Journals (National Library of Medicine Library) editors, permanent medical journals and other fields, follow the format requirements of the Medical Journal Editorial Committee of the National Committee for International Medical Journals (Committee for International Medical Journals) (Committee for International Medical Journals).
• ACS, the English name is American Chemical Society Academic Communication Guide, published by universities and commonly used in the field of chemistry.
• AIP format, the English name is The AIP Style Manual. AIP refers to the American Institute of Physics.
• AP, English format, named Midland Social style manual, commonly used in journalists, news, magazines and other fields.
• Blue book format, the English name is The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, judicial field.
• Turabian format, the English name is Turabian Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Thes, and Dissertations, suitable for all projects, especially degrees.

4. Differences in reference records between various writing formats

• APA format< span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">When documenting, use the author's year of use and year of use, separated by titles. The author's name used when describing the reference, the name enclosed in quotation marks, the author's name and the year of use, the thesis in italics, the issue number range, followed by the page number, and the English period (dot) at the end. An example is as follows:

• Citation: (e.g., Davis, 2008)
• References: Davis, K. (2008). Intersectionality as buzzword: Reasons for the success of feminist theory from a sociology of science perspective. Feminist theory, 9(1), 67-85.
• Reference: Fuentes, A. (2006 ). Human culture and monkey behavior: Assessing the context for potential pathogen transmission between macaques and humans. American Journal of Primatology. 68(9). 880-896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20295.
• The reference description section is called "Reference literature".
• If you need to indicate the page number when citing, please Use "p." or "pp." markers.

• MLA format example:

• Citation: (Woodward 1987)
• Citation: Johnsonet al .2 provided their results in 1975.
• Reference: Woodward, David, edit. 1987. Art and Cartography: Six Historical Essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Reference: Lorenson, Jutta. “Between Image and Word, Color and Time: Jacob Lawrence’s Immigration Series . " African American Commentary, Volume One. 40, no. 3, 2006, pp. 571-86.
• Reference: 2. Johnson AB, Smith CD , Houser EF. Changes in alcohol consumption among adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1975;83(3):600–650.
• The reference section is called the "cited work".
• When referring to references, please use footnotes or endnotes.

• CMOS format (format) example：

• Reference: Wang, Wangxia, Basia Vincour, and Arie Altman. “Plant Responses to Drought, Salinity, and Temperature Extremes: Toward Genetic Engineering for Stress Resistance.” ” Planta 218, No. 1 (November 2003): 1-14. Accessed October 26, 2016. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00425-003-1105-5
• The reference section is called the "bibliography".
• Allows the use of footnotes or Endnote form

• CSE format example：
• Reference: Photo by Ryan, P. (1987). Impact of plastic ingestion on seabirds: Correlation between plastic load and body condition. Environmental Pollution 46 (2): 119-125
• ACS format example：
• References: Robichaud, PP; Poirier, S. Boudreau, LH; Doylen, J. Barnett, DA; Bollard, E; and Surette, ME On the cellular metabolism of Click Chemistry Probe 19-Alkyne Arachidonic Acid. J. Lipid Reservoir. 2016, 57, 1821-1830.
• AIP format example：
• Reference: 1N. N. Solorzano, JN Thomas, ML Hutchins, and RH Holzworth. Lightning and satellite microwave radiation measurements from WWLLN 37 to 183 GHz: thunderstorms in the tropics, J Geophys Res Atmos 121, 366-374 (2016).

5. Summary of commonly used description formats

< li data-track="45">Author AA, author BB, author CC. Article Title: Lowercase letters serve as subtitles. The abbreviated name of the journal. Year; Issue number: Page number. release date. Access date [if using URL]. DOI or URL
• Author AA, author BB, AuthorCC. Book title: Book title. Version. Publisher name; year of publication. Date of visit. URL