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Returns the present value of the investment. Present value is the cumulative sum of the current values of a series of future payments. For example, a borrower's borrowed money is the present value of a lender's loan.
Syntax
PV(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type)
• rate is the interest rate for each period.
For example, if you borrow a loan to buy a car at an annual interest rate of 12% and repay the loan monthly, the monthly interest rate is 12%/12 (or 1%). Available at
Enter 12%/12, 1%, or 0.01 as the rate value in the formula.
• nper is the total investment (or loan) period, that is, the total number of payment periods for the investment (or loan).
For example, for a 5-year car loan with monthly repayments, there are 5*12 (i.e. 60) repayment periods. You can enter 60 as the value of nper in the formula.
• pmt is the amount payable in each period An amount whose value remains constant throughout the annuity period. Usually pmt includes principal and interest, but does not include other fees and
Tax. For example, the monthly payment on a $10,000 four-year car loan at 12% APR would be $263.33. You can enter -263.33 into the formula
is the value of pmt. If pmt is omitted, the fv parameter must be included.
• fv is the future value, or at the end The expected cash balance after a payment. If fv is omitted, its value is assumed to be zero (the future value of a loan is zero).
For example, if $60,000 is required to be paid in 12 years, then $60,000 is the future value. The monthly deposit amount can be determined based on a conservative estimate of the interest rate.
If fv is omitted, the pmt parameter must be included.
• type number 0 or 1, used for Specify whether payment for each period is at the beginning or end of the period.
Description
• The specified rate and nper units should be confirmed to be consistent.
For example, for a four-year loan with an annual interest rate of 12%, if paid monthly, rate should be 12%/12, nper should be 4*12; if paid monthly Annual payment,
rate should be 12% and nper should be 4.
• The following functions apply to annuities:
CUMIPMT, PPMT, CUMPRINC, PV, FV, RATE , FVSCHEDULE, XIRR, IPMT, >An annuity is a series of fixed cash payments over a continuous period of time. An example of a car loan or mortgage would be an annuity.
• In the annuity function, the payment , such as bank deposits, are expressed as negative numbers; income payments, such as dividend income, are expressed as positive numbers.
For example, a $1000 bank deposit can be expressed as a parameter of -1,000 for a saver and 1,000 for a bank.
• Listed below are WPS tables for processing The formula for financial operations, if rate is not 0, then: 
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