Xiaozhuan, also known as "Qinzhuan", is the first emperor of Qin Dynasty After the unification of the six countries, implement the policy of "books with the same text" , based onQin's Si Wen to simplify and create a unified writing form of Chinese characters. At that time, Prime Minister Li Si was in charge, and Si wrote "Cangjie Chapter", Chefu Order Zhao Gao wrote " Yuan Li Pian ", Taishi ordered Hu Wujing to write "Bo Xue Pian". Use these three articles as a guideline to educate the world. Xiaozhuan font has been popular as an official text until the end of the Western Han Dynasty (about 8 AD), and it was gradually adopted by < /span> Lishu replaced.
Li Si Mountain Carved Stone
Xiaozhuan and Dazhuan
From the perspective of calligraphy, we will All the characters before Xiaozhuan are collectively referred to as Dazhuan, which includes oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, stone drum inscriptions, 籒 inscriptions, ancient six kingdoms inscriptions, etc.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions, also known as "Qi Wen", "Oracle Bone Inscriptions", "Yin Ruins Inscriptions" or "Turtle, Shell and Animal Bone Inscriptions". It mainly refers to the characters engraved on tortoise shells or animal bones by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty of China for divination and recording. It is also the earliest mature Chinese character that we can see. Since the oracle bone inscriptions were first discovered in 1899, according to the statistics of scholar Hu Houxuan, a total of more than 154,600 pieces of oracle bones have been unearthed. About 4,500 single characters are engraved on these oracle bones, and about 2,000 characters have been interpreted so far.
Oracle
Jinwen refers to the inscriptions cast on the bronzes of the Yin, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Because the Zhou Dynasty called copper gold, the inscriptions on the bronzes It is called "Jinwen" or "Auspicious Jinwen"; and because this type of bronze wares has the most characters on the bell and tripod, it was also called "Zhongdingwen" in the past. According to Rong Geng's "Jin Wen Bian" records, the number of characters in the bronze inscriptions is 3,722 in total, of which 2,420 are identifiable characters.
Jin Wending
Stone Drum, Immediately The drum-shaped stone, the stone drum text isfour-character poem, the oldest stone inscription in my country. It is also called "Hunting Jie" because it records the hunting activities of Emperor Qin. Inscribed with a four-character poem in seal script, there are ten poems in total, totaling 718 characters. So far, there are many incomplete characters. When Ouyang Xiu recorded in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were 465 characters, and in the Ming Dynasty, there were only 462 characters in the collection of Fan's Tianyi Pavilion.
Shiguwen
Six Kingdoms, is Shang Cheng Zhou Oracle, Jinwen, a special style of regional characters formed under the conditions of separatist regimes. The shape is very inconsistent, the strokes are sloppy, and a large number of simplified and vulgar styles emerge.
Warring States Chu bamboo slips
Because of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, the feudal lords separated their regimes, and the characters of various countries appeared to be different in simplicity and complexity, and one word had multiple forms. After the unification of the characters, the Xiaozhuan font gradually began to be finalized, and the pictographic meaning was weakened, making the characters more symbolic and reducing the confusion and difficulties in writing and recognition and reading.
Xiaozhuan
Characteristics of Xiaozhuan font
Xiaozhuan font mainly has the following four characteristics:
1. Two distributions
Xiaozhuan characters are in the shape of a rectangle, and the ratio of its width to height is about two to three. The distribution of its writing is mainly in two ways. One is to distribute evenly within the rectangle , and the second one-third of the rectangle is distributed as a vertical foot.
2. Horizontal and vertical
The strokes of Xiaozhuan font are basically the same in thickness, uniform in circle strength, horizontal and vertical, and are expressed in a parallel and equidistant manner in writing. There is a circle in the square, which makes the circle lively and interesting.
3. Balance and symmetry
Symmetry is a major feature of seal script and also its charm. Symmetry is not limited to up-down symmetry and left-right symmetry, such as partial symmetry in a single character and angular symmetry of arc strokes.
4. Tighten up and loosen down
In the writing of Xiaozhuan font, the main body of most of the characters is in the upper half, and the lower half is the hanging foot. If there is no hanging foot, the main strokes are placed in the lower part, and the upper strokes Do a towering treatment.
Deng Shiru seal script "Tang Poetry Couplets"
In a word
Xiaozhuan font is the first regular script in the history of Chinese writing. As a result, characters have changed from irregular to standardized, from pictographic to symbolic.
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