Chinese characters appeared very early, and with the appearance of Chinese characters, calligraphy came into being naturally. Oracle bone inscriptions and Zhong Dingwen are the recognized sources of Chinese calligraphy. In the development of later generations, Chinese calligraphy formed the most basic five fonts, namely seal (zhuàn) script, official (lì) script, regular script, cursive script and running script.
Seal script (zhuàn) is a character used in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the Qin Dynasty. It is characterized by thin, long and smooth lines, even and long lines, giving people a solemn and serious feeling, so it was used in formal occasions at that time. Now Usually used in seal cutting. The characters used in seal cutting are generally ancient characters, including oracle bone inscriptions, big seal script, and small seal script.
The official script originated in the Qin Dynasty, and gradually became popular and reached its peak in the Han Dynasty. It is characterized by a relatively flat font, long horizontal and straight short, and a rectangular shape. Lishu pays attention to dignified beginning and light ending, which is what we usually call silkworm head and swallow (yàn) tail. The emergence of official script brought Chinese calligraphy into a new realm and laid the foundation for regular script.
Regular script is also often called Zhengkai, which is an improvement on official script. The characteristics of regular script are neat, standardized, horizontal and vertical, and easy to write. It is the traditional handwritten Chinese character that we now use. Therefore, we generally start with regular script when learning calligraphy. It is also because regular script is stable, regular and easy to learn, so it has an enduring artistic charm.
The cursive script broke the rigor and regularity of official script and regular script. The structure of cursive script is simple, the strokes are connected together, the writing is smooth, and it is generally not easy to recognize. Therefore, its aesthetic value is far greater than its practical value. For example, the famous cursive script "Self-reporting Tie" written by monk Huai Su in the Tang Dynasty has vertical and horizontal brushwork, broad and magnificent, and is difficult to recognize, but its aesthetic value is very high, and it is called "the best cursive script in the world".
The running script was developed on the basis of regular script, between regular script and cursive script, and was created to make up for the slow writing speed of regular script and the difficulty of recognizing cursive script. "Xing" means to walk, so it is neither sloppy like cursive script nor straight like regular script. In running script, those with more regular scripts than cursive scripts are called "Xing Kai", and those with more cursive scripts than regular scripts are called "Xing Cao".
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