Xinhua News Agency, Xi'an, February 22 Title: The Queen's Seal: A National Treasure Extracted from a Mud Nest
Xinhua News Agency reporters Han Xiao and Yang Yimiao
That year, Kong Zhongliang was still a naughty boy. He didn't expect that a "white stone" dug out of the mud nest beside the ditch was actually a rare national treasure-the seal of the empress of the Western Han Dynasty.
The Queen's Seal on display at the Shaanxi History Museum. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Han Xiao
This scene happened 53 years ago.
In 1968, Kong Zhongliang was 13 years old and lived in Hanjiawan Village, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. At that time, Kong Zhongliang was always thinking about his "treasure house" - a section of canal not far from home. Every day after school, he would come to the ditch to pick up nails and copper coins, which can be exchanged for some pocket money at home.
One day in September, after school, Kong Zhongliang came to the "treasure house" to pick up treasures. He accidentally caught a glimpse of a stone by the side of the ditch. here." Kong Zhongliang recalled. He pulled out the "white stone" from the mud with all his strength, wiped off the stains, and saw that there were words engraved on it, and there was an animal curled up on it.
This "white stone" was then taken to Xi'an by Kong Zhongliang's father, Kong Xiangfa, and handed over to the cultural relics department. According to expert appraisal, this is the queen's seal engraved with the four-character seal script "Queen's Seal", which has a history of more than 2,000 years.
2.8 centimeters square, 2 centimeters high, and 33 grams in weight, the Queen's Seal is carved from Xinjiang Hetian mutton fat white jade. The four sides of the Xitai form a flat rectangle, engraved with a rectangular Yin line frame, and four mutually inverted and connected cirrus patterns are carved out of it.
"This jade seal is the earliest cultural relic that proves the empress system, and it is also the highest-ranked and only empress jade seal found in the Han Dynasty so far," said He Daxin, director of the collection management department of Shaanxi History Museum.
According to the "Old Instruments of the Han Palace": "The empress's jade seal has the same text as the emperor's, the empress's seal, and the gold chi tiger button." He Daxin said: "White jade, chi tiger, these are highly consistent with the emperor's empress use in the Han Dynasty literature. Seal requirements. The seal script "Queen's Seal" four characters, square, standard, uniform, and full, are typical characteristics of seal script in the Han Dynasty, which had a profound impact on the later period. At the same time, the layout of the blank text is reasonable, and it can be called a seal that leads future generations. Art."
It is worth mentioning that this jade seal belongs to the highest etiquette and the largest volume among the seals of the same era. He Daxin told the reporter: "There was no paper in the Western Han Dynasty, and the seal was used on the sealing clay as a seal mark on bamboo slips and other documents, so compared with the paper seal used in later generations, its size is smaller."
So, which queen of the Western Han Dynasty did this jade seal belong to? At present, there is a relatively unified view in the academic circles that this seal belongs to Empress Lu, the empress of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty. At that time, the place where Kong Zhongliang picked up the seal was located on the west side of the Changling Mausoleum of Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, and it was also very close to the seal of the Mausoleum of Empress Lu, which is a strong proof.
Today, the Queen's Seal is a treasure of the Shaanxi History Museum. In 2010, the museum also issued a certificate to Kong Zhongliang.
Times have changed, Kong Zhongliang, the boy who picked up the seal back then, is now in his sixtieth year. Thinking of the past donation more than half a century ago, he smiled cheerfully: "We are a farmer, and sincerity is the foundation. To whom will the country be handed over!"
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