Dictionaries, documents, newspapers and books... Chinese characters exist wherever we can see, just like the air around us. However, we may never have considered where these fonts come from? How did it go from handwriting to printing? The "Birthplace of Modern Chinese Printing Typefaces" and "Shanghai Printing Typeface Exhibition Hall" unveiled today. Although the venues are "mini", they can let more people understand the origin and development of modern Chinese printing typefaces, understand the design specifications and principles of Chinese printing typefaces. Create and write crafts to better promote and inherit Chinese character culture, font culture, and intangible cultural heritage.
Caption: Do you understand fonts?
The origin of the four fonts
"Birthplace of Modern Chinese Printing" and "Shanghai Printing Exhibition Hall" are located in Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology, No. 60, Lane 1209, Xinzha Road. Typography was born here.
For quite a long period of time, the fonts and shapes of Chinese characters in our country have been messy, and the mixed use of variants and variants has seriously affected the printing quality and reading effect, and even led our country to participate in international book binding. The expo appraised without success. In 1959, the Ministry of Culture held a meeting to guide Shanghai to take the lead in "printing font reform". Based on the Printing Research Institute, at No. 60, Lane 1209, Xinzha Road, Shanghai gathered artists with creative skills in art, writing in block letters, and carving fonts. Combining talents with experience, a font research room consisting of more than 50 people was established. The designers of the Font Research Office of the Institute of Printing and Printing took five years to complete the creation and design of four commonly used printing fonts, Song, Hei, Kai, and Fang, with a total of 80,000 characters, making a contribution to the promotion of simplified characters and the standardization of the use of Chinese characters in New China. made a huge contribution.
Description: bold
Among them, Song style draws on the strengths of ancient versions such as "Swallow Notes" and modern Song style characters, and integrates the creative inspiration and artistic charm of calligraphy, art and lettering. The bold font is mostly used for titles, and sometimes it is placed in the main text. The font is square and long, black and white are well-proportioned, and the lines are neat. It is decorated with a bell mouth, dignified and stable. KaiTi was designed in 1964. The horizontal strokes are inclined, the vertical strokes are different, the thickness of the strokes is undulating, and the strokes are smooth and natural. It is the preferred font for beginners to learn Chinese characters. Completed in 1965, the imitation Song style has a straight shape, similar thickness of horizontal and vertical strokes, and the structure has the characteristics of Kai Song Dynasty.
Computer font original matrix
In the 1980s, the Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology used the four types of special scripts of song, black, regular script and imitation as a joint venture investment with the British Monroe Company. Purchased international advanced laser phototypesetting equipment for the first time. Later, all the original manuscripts of these four fonts were copied and provided free of charge to the national "748" project and the major project of "Chinese character information processing", which made a contribution to the technological revolution that said goodbye to "lead and fire" in my country's printing industry. Professor Wang Xuan of Founder of Peking University combined these fonts with modern digital information technology and became the original matrix for the invention of "Chinese character information processing laser phototypesetting technology". .
Illustration: Chinese italics
At present, Song, Hei, Kai, and Fang are commonly used in the font library of computer systems in China. Whether it is the increase in the number of characters in the national standard or the expansion of the variety, their pen shape, The basic framework of the inner shape, such as structure, center of gravity, and thickness, as well as its verve, are all derived from the printing fonts created by the Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology in the last century.
The art of writing is passed down from generation to generation
In June 2009, the "Chinese Character Printing and Writing Skills" project of the Institute of Printing and Printing was included in the second batch of Shanghai Intangible Cultural Heritage Project List. The Institute is now There are more than ten inheritors of intangible cultural heritage. The three sets of fonts used in the new version of "Ci Hai" released at this year's Shanghai Book Fair are Ci Hai Song, Ci Hai Hei, and Ci Hai Zhong Hei created by the Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology.
The second generation inheritor, Chen Qirui, was born in Suzhou. He came to Shanghai to study at the age of 15, and entered the Movable Type Research Office of the Shanghai Institute of Printing Technology (referred to as the Institute of Printing) at the age of 18. The youngest font designer at that time is now in his seventies.
Illustration: Various font sample collection
The period when Chen Qirui was engaged in font design was catching up with the "golden age" of type printing after the founding of New China. "It is not easy to design a character, and the process is very boring. First, you have to make a pencil draft, copy the original draft, then use a straight pen to draw the line, and then use a brush to outline, write, press, and tick, and then draw the outline of the character. Fill in the ink, and then draw the white. After taking pictures and reducing the sample, we need to trim and unify the structure, size, thickness, and stroke shape of the font. Several of us divide the work, like assembly line work. On average, one person can write at most three times a day. Four characters." Font designers must have calligraphy skills and art writing skills, such as Qian Zhenzhi who designed imitation Song Dynasty, Xu Xuecheng and Zhou Jincai who designed black font, Xie Peiyuan and Shi Weifeng who designed Song style...these masters were Chen Qirui when he was in the Printing Institute. colleagues and seniors.
Today, the first generation of inheritors have passed away, but the handwritten design drafts they left can still be seen in the glass windows of the exhibition hall, and the fonts they designed can be seen almost everywhere , into everyone's daily life. (Xinmin Evening News reporter Xu Yisheng)
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