Seventh Grade Chinese Volume 2 Lesson 17: "Stone Beast in the River" synchronous text knowledge explanation

Combination and application

Author and background

Ji Yun (yún) (1724-1805), a writer in the Qing Dynasty. Zi Xiaolan, born in Xianxian County, Zhili (now Xianxian County, Hebei Province). In the nineteenth year of Qianlong (1754), he was a Jinshi. He is knowledgeable and has served as an editor of the Imperial Academy and a bachelor's student. He was sent to Urumqi for a crime. After he was released and returned to Beijing, he served as the chief editor of "Siku Quanshu", and personally wrote "Summary of Siku Quanshu General Catalog", which made great contributions to bibliography. Author of "Yuewei Thatched Cottage Notes" and so on.

This article is selected from "Yuewei Thatched Cottage Notes" (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1980 edition). The title was added by the editor. "Yuewei Thatched Cottage Notes" is a short ghost story in the Qing Dynasty. It was compiled in the form of notes by Ji Yun, who was born in Hanbei Academy, from the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789) to the third year of Jiaqing (1798) in the Qing Dynasty. In terms of content, it mainly collects all kinds of ghost stories about foxes, ghosts and immortals, karma, persuading good and punishing evil, etc., or anecdotes heard with one's own ears; Urumqi, Yining, south to Yunnan, Guizhou and other places.

Knowledge accumulation

Key content words

1. Pro: close to.

2. River dry (gān): riverside.

3. Shanmen: the gate of the temple.

4. 朮 (pǐ): collapsed.

5. And: together.

6. Yan: Here, there.

7. Read: pass, pass.

8. More than: many.

9. Years: years.

10. Seeking: looking for.

11. Actually: Finally, in the end.

12. Think: Think.

13. 棹 (zhào): rowing a boat.

14. Iron palladium (pá): agricultural tools, used for weeding and leveling the soil.

15. Set up accounts: lectures, teaching.

16. Your generation: you.

17. Research: research.

18. Physics: the principles and laws of things.

19. Yes: This. (right and wrong wood 杮)

20. 木杮 (fèi): The chipped wood.

21. Skyrocketing: refers to floods. violent, suddenly.

22. To bury (yān): to bury.

23. Britain: Tong "epilepsy", crazy.

24. River soldiers: Soldiers who patrol and guard the river.

25. gnawing (niè): Here is the meaning of erosion and erosion.

26. Hom Cave: Pothole.

27. Endlessly: Do not stop.

28. Back (sù) flow: countercurrent.

29. Assumption: Judging subjectively.

Key function words

1. Ear: a modal particle, which means "just". (sinking and deepening ear)

2. Gai: Originally (yes), the spoken word is placed at the beginning of the sentence. (Gaishi is strong and heavy)

3. Such as: according to. (as it says)

4. But: only. (but know one)

Tongjiazi

1. Palladium: Tong "rake", agricultural tools. (trailing iron palladium)

2. Dian: Tong "epilepsy", crazy. (not also upside down)

Different meanings from ancient to modern

1. ear

Gu Yi: That's all. (sinking and deepening ear)

Jinyi: One of the five sense organs, used to hear sounds.

2. Physics

Ancient meaning: the truth and law of things. (I can't study physics)

Today's meaning: a discipline.

3. and

Gu Yi: Together. (The two stone beasts sink together)

Today's meaning: juxtaposition.

4. read

Gu Yi: Passed, passed. (read more than ten years old)

Today's meaning: read.

5. yes

Ancient meaning: pronoun , this. (right and wrong wood 杮)

Today's meaning: judgment word, yes.

6. Already

Gu Yi: Stop. (Turning around endlessly)

Jinyi: Already.

polysemy

1. for

Preposition, be. (How can it be carried away for skyrocketing)

verb, to become. (Must bite the sand under the stone facing the water as a ridge point)

2. Of

Pronoun, referring to the viewpoint of "in the land of seeking". (an old river soldier heard about it)

Particle, of. (its backlash)

Pronoun, stone beast. (in the land of seeking)

Conjugation of parts of speech

1. 棹: paddle, here refers to rowing, and the noun is used as a verb. (Draw a few boats)

2. Swell: The verb is used as a noun, flood. (How can it be carried away for skyrocketing)

Key sentence patterns

1. Ellipse sentence

A lecturer set up a tent in the temple. (The preposition "yu" is omitted in front of "sizhong")

In the land of seeking. (The preposition "yu" is omitted in front of "dizhong")

As the saying goes, the fruit can be found miles away. (The object "zhi" is omitted after "get")

2. Passive sentences

How can it be carried away for skyrocketing. (...for..., means passive, translated as "being")

3. Inverted sentence

Ask for it from above. (The postposition of the prepositional structure should be "due to seek it from the upper class")

Analysis of Exam Questions

1. (2015•Shandong Qingdao Senior High School Entrance Examination) There are problems in the expression of the underlined sentence below, please modify it.

A piece of straw thrown on the street is worthless, but tied to Chinese cabbage, it can be sold for the price of cabbage, and tied to hairy crabs, it can be sold for the price of hairy crabs. Thinking about this, who can deny that location can't have an impact on value?

Modified sentence:

2.(2015·Hunan Zhuzhou High School Entrance Examination)

Guo Chun, a filial son in the East China Sea, lost his mother, and every time he cried, the crowd would gather. Make (the assassin) inspect the truth, and express the door.

According to the later news, every time the filial son cries, he throws bread on the ground, and the birds compete to eat it. After that, the number was like this, and the bird heard the cry and thought it was a degree, and they all competed to get together, it must be a spirit.

(1) Explain the words highlighted in red in the following sentences.

①Flock of birds compete to eat it ②Following the number like this

(2) Translate the following sentences.

If you don't compete, you must have a spirit.

(3) Summarize the content and purpose of the article.

Analysis:1. This question tests the ability to distinguish or correct wrong sentences. There are many reasons for wrong sentences, mainly including improper collocation, incomplete components, improper word order, inconsistency and so on. To judge wrong sentences, one must have some understanding of the language norms of Chinese. First, one must read the sentences carefully. Compressed sentences can be used to grasp the main components and judge from the whole to the part. The problem with this sentence is that the negative word is used improperly in the rhetorical question. According to the semantics, there should only be one negative word. Answer: Come to think of it, who can deny that location can have an impact on value?

2. This question examines the analysis of classical Chinese paragraphs. The test points include the interpretation of classical Chinese words, sentence translation and understanding of related content. (1) Examine the ability to understand the meaning of content words in classical Chinese in the text. The accumulation of content words is the basis for cultivating classical Chinese ability. Understanding is to connect with the original sentence, and the meaning of a single word cannot be understood in isolation. In addition, we should also pay attention to the special usage of words, such as ancient and modern synonyms, polysemous words, fake characters, flexible use of parts of speech, etc. Be as precise and appropriate as possible. "Shi" is a verb to eat. Answer: ① eat ② many times, many times.

(2) Test the ability to understand or translate sentences in the text. It is necessary to grasp the key words in the sentence and translate them accurately. In addition, we must also pay attention to the translation of special sentence patterns to be accurate, smooth and clear. Pay attention to the translation of the key words "competition, non, spirit". Example answer: (The flock of birds) did not fly down and gather in the courtyard of his family. It was not that the birds were spiritual and were moved by the filial son.

(3) Examine the ability to understand the main points of classical Chinese texts. Students are required to roughly translate the passage, understand the general idea, and then write the main content in their own words, and write the gist according to the facts. Example answer: Content: This article narrates the story of Guo Chun, who was weeping bitterly after his mother passed away, and scattered cakes on the ground to attract birds, so that the officials thought it was his filial piety that moved the heaven. Subject: Criticize the hypocrisy of false filial piety.

Text explanation

Understand the gist

This classical Chinese novel describes the different conclusions drawn by the monks, lecturers, and old river soldiers to find the stone beasts sunk in the river during the process of the monks looking for the stone beasts. There are many complex reasons for the occurrence of many natural phenomena. We must not make subjective assumptions based on our own half-knowledge of things and common sense.

Clarify structure

Writing Features

1. Foreshadowing layer by layer, combining narrative and discussion.

This article first narrates the story, and then makes an argument in combination with the story. It adopts the method of combining narration and discussion, and lays foundations in the process of storytelling, making the story extremely attractive. First of all, it writes that the monk's search for stone beasts failed, using the practice of the monk as a foundation for the lecturer's opinion, highlighting the lecturer's view that "the opinion of the public is true", and expressing it through the lecturer's evaluation of the temple monk as "upside down" Confidence in your own opinion. At this moment, the author changed his style of writing, and "Cheng Yaojin" came out from the side - Lao He Bing came, through the words of Lao He Bing, plus the result of "the fruit can be obtained from several miles away", cleverly expressed It is very dramatic and ironic to understand the lecturer's "not more upside down". At the end, the author's success is a matter of course, from storytelling to commentary, a comment like the finishing touch, concluding the full text and revealing the topic. The story of the article is tortuous, short and concise, combined with narrative and discussion, clear in context, layer by layer, tight structure, and endless aftertaste.

2. The detailed description shows the psychology of the characters.

The lecturer's "laughing and saying" "Your generation can't study physics", reveals the lecturer's mockery of the monk and his self-confidence, and portrays the lecturer's mentality of relying on his talents. However, Lao He Bing's "smiling words" and "not more erratic" revealed his denial of lecturers, showing Lao He Bing's calm and confident psychology.

3. Has a strong speculative color.

Regardless of whether the lecturer’s point of view is in line with reality, the reason he expounds can be “studied into physics”, so people can be convinced; Lao He Bing’s point of view seems unreasonable at first glance, but his analysis is irrefutable and convincing. The results also verified the scientificity of his views and the rationality of his reasoning.

Get to the point

1. Think about it, why did the monks choose to look for the stone beasts sunk in the water instead of recreating a pair of stone beasts?

For one thing, most of the stone beasts in front of temple gates are "Treasure Beasts", which means auspiciousness. The temple in this article is by the river bank. In the minds of the monks, these two stone beasts may have the function of "water town" and have their special meaning. Secondly, from "the mountain gate collapsed into the river, and the two stone beasts sank together", we can know that the temple has been in disrepair for a long time, and the monks only raised money to rebuild the temple "over ten years old". It can be seen that the monks are shy in their pockets. Apart from this choice, there is no extra financial resources to create new stone beasts.

2. Please use the original text to answer: What is the root cause that the lecturer thinks it is impossible for the monks to find the stone beast? What are the conclusions drawn by the lecturer and the old river soldier about the location of the stone beast?

Root cause: I can't study physics. Lecturer's conclusion: buried in the sand, gradually sinking into the ear. The old river soldier's conclusion: Whenever a stone is lost in the river, it should be sought from the upper stream.

3. Why is Lao Hebing's judgment correct?

Because the old He Bing worked by the river all the year round, he understood the characteristics of natural things such as water, sand, and stones, and was able to combine theoretical knowledge with years of experience to analyze, and he naturally came to the correct conclusion.

4. Try to analyze the meaning of "laughing" between lecturers and Lao Hebing.

The "laugh" of lecturers is to ridicule the practice of "going down the river" to find stone beasts, which shows that lecturers are self-righteous and empty of theories, which is ridiculous. Lao He Bing's "laugh" is to ridicule the lecturer's misunderstanding, everyone is confused, and credulously believes in the lecturer's statement, which shows that Lao He Bing has profound experience and practical experience.

5. How to understand "there are things in the world, but you only know one of them, and you don't know more about the two. Can you make assumptions based on reason"?

This sentence is not only a bitter ridicule for those who are half-knowledgeable and self-righteous like lecturers, but also points out the method and way of knowing things in a rhetorical way: not one-sided understanding, but comprehensive and in-depth investigation and exploration of the characteristics of things; It cannot be judged subjectively, but should follow the laws of objective things. In the form of discussion, point out the topic.