"Latest" College Entrance Examination History Review Lecture 13 "Change of Social Life in Modern China"

"Latest" College Entrance Examination History Review Lecture 13 "Change of Social Life in Modern China"

【Course Standard】

Understand the historical facts of the changes in people's material life and social customs since modern times, and explore the factors that affect these changes.

Understand the progress of transportation and communication tools in modern China, and understand its impact on people's social life.

Taking the gradual popularization of newspapers, periodicals, film and television, and the Internet in modern times in my country as examples, it illustrates the tremendous changes that the development of mass media has brought about to people's lifestyles.

General characteristics: stages, times, and imbalance (urban → rural, coastal → inland).

General trend: closed, feudal tradition → open, modernization.

1. Changes in men's and women's clothing

1. Performance: (1) Modern men's wear: robes and jackets → suits and leather shoes, which were introduced after the Opium War and became popular after the Xinhai Revolution (because of its fit and chic, the establishment of the Republic of China Zhongshan suit (popular after the Revolution of 1911, embodies combination of Chinese and Western).

(2) Modern women's clothing: loose and bulky cheongsam → improved cheongsam with short and narrow sleeves in the 1920s, reflecting the combination of Chinese and Western. Show off the beauty of women's curves.

(3) After the founding of the People's Republic of China - before the Cultural Revolution: Dominated by ideology, Mao suits, Lenin suits, dresses and other Soviet-style clothing were common.

(4) During the Cultural Revolution, military uniforms and cadre uniforms prevailed, with monotonous styles and colors.

(5) After the reform and opening up, dress warmly → dress comfortably, elegantly, stylishly, and with individuality, close → open.

2. Features: ① Tendency: restrained, conservative, dull, and strictly hierarchical → beautiful, fit, convenient, popular, and penetration of Chinese and Western; ② Closely related to changes in social politics and ideological trends (aesthetic concepts); ③ Local and foreign coexistence or The combination of Chinese and Western cultures reflects the collision and fusion of Chinese and Western cultures.

3. Reasons: (1) External factors: the introduction and impact of Western culture (industrial civilization, that is, production and lifestyle, ideology and culture).

(2) Internal cause: the drastic changes in Chinese history. ①Changes in the political environment and situation; ②Economic development (increase in productivity); ③Cultural development (change in ideas).

2. Changes in catering

After the Opium War, it was introduced into Western food. Some vegetables, condiments, Western-style candies, cakes, and drinks in Western food have entered the dining table of the common people and are welcomed by the Chinese.

3. Changes in Marriage Customs and Other Customs

1. Marriage customs: (1) Marriage concept: order from parents, words from matchmaker, right marriage → (after the Xinhai Revolution) independent marriage and free love. (2) Wedding form: old-style wedding→Western new-style wedding, traditional→simplified.

2. Before and after the Xinhai Revolution, men cut off their braids meant revolution (break with the Qing Dynasty). After the Revolution of 1911, women with bound feet began to let their feet in large numbers (Tianzu Movement), and received new education, leaving the family and entering the society.

3. In terms of social etiquette, after the Revolution of 1911, the etiquette for meeting people was kneeling down, bowing → nodding, bowing, shaking hands, addressing by adults, masters → Mr., Mr., Miss, Ms., Mrs. This embodies the concept of respect → equal concept.

Four. Development of transportation and communication industry

1. The performance of the development of means of transportation: Traditional means of transportation include sedan chairs, horse-drawn carriages, etc. ①In modern times, rickshaw (rickshaw) has become an important means of transportation in cities and towns; ②Bicycles were introduced after the Opium War; ③1870s ( Westernization Movement) began to build ships by itself; ④ 80s began to build railways and trains; ⑤ early 20th century trams, cars, and civil aviation (aircraft) appeared in cities.

2. The development process of the communication industry: traditional: beacon, post station, carrier pigeon. ①In the 1860s, China began to operate postal services, mainly in ports and central cities. ②In the 70s and 80s of the 19th century, telegraph and telephone businesses began. ③After the Revolution of 1911, Qing Post was changed to Chunghwa Post. ④In the 90s of the 20th century, mobile phones and the Internet appeared.

3. Features in modern times: ①Started in the process of industrialization, the types include water, land and air, and old and new means of transportation and communication coexist; ②It is controlled by Western powers; ③Unbalanced regional development, cities are better than rural areas, and the east is better than the central and west; ④ The power is changed from manpower and natural force to mechanical force, and the technology is changed from imported to self-developed. The objects are becoming more popular and popular.

4. Reasons in modern times: ① the need to save the country and the people and promote social development; ② the needs of the great powers to expand economic aggression and suppress the resistance of the Chinese people; ③ the uneven economic development of various parts of China; ④ Western technology (achievements of two industrial revolutions) incoming.

5. Influence: ①Promote China's economic and social development, strengthen Sino-foreign ties, and enrich people's lives; ②Change travel, lifestyle, and ideas (such as men and women changing from intimacy to a crowded car); ③Accelerate the process of urbanization; ④City Congested traffic, frequent traffic accidents, and aggravated environmental pollution have led to massive consumption of non-renewable resources such as oil.

V. Development of mass media

1. The rise and development of modern mass newspapers

(1) Performance: After the Opium War, the missionaries who came to China set up a newspaper craze in China. Since the 1870s, the Chinese began to create their own newspapers.

(2) Reasons: ①The impact of the expansion of Western newspapers and periodicals and culture; ②The Chinese society has undergone drastic changes, and official newspapers cannot meet the needs of the times; ③The need to promote ideas and ideas for saving the country and the people; ④Providing material conditions for the development of the national capitalist economy.

(3) Functions: ① spread Western civilization and broaden horizons; ② promote ideological emancipation and national awakening; ③ promote the victory of revolutionary development.

2. The emergence and development of the film and television industry

At the end of the 19th century, film was born in France and soon spread to China.

The British invented television in the 20s of the 20th century. In 1958, China established the first TV station.

3. The rise and development of the Internet (network technology, modern information technology)

Computer combined with communication technology. In 1946, the first computer was born in the United States. In the late 1960s, the Internet was born in the US military field, and the Internet was established in the 90s.

Influence: ① enter the information age; ② change the production, work, life, study, entertainment, communication and other methods and ideas; ③ promote the development of new economy; ④ reduce the global space-time distance and promote economic globalization ; ⑤ There are problems such as low trust and sense of security (harmful information, network security, network crime), network addiction, etc.